University of Nevada Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Demonstration Project Western Regional Water Commission June 21, 2017

Today's Topics Reclaimed water use in the Truckee Meadows Nevada reclaimed water regulations Regional potable reuse feasibility study UNR work update Next steps Discussion

Truckee Meadows Regional Water Reclamation Reclaimed water is highly treated wastewater effluent Region has decades of experience using reclaimed water for irrigation and industrial uses 15-million gallons per day in the summer 8,000 Acre-Feet Annually 10-percent of total regional water supply Offers significant environmental benefits “water reuse”, “reclaimed water”, “water recycling” – all describe using high quality wastewater effluent for community benefits

Nevada Reclaimed Water Regulations Categories A through E Safe for irrigation and industrial uses Reno, Sparks, Washoe County reclaimed water systems based on categories “A” and “B” Category A+, or Exceptional Quality [new 2016] Drinking water quality achieved Advanced water treatment Natural purification processes

Exceptional Quality Potential Uses Groundwater augmentation, potable, recreational or environmental uses Storing and securing a drought proof water supply for the future Diversify the region’s water supply portfolio while reducing reliance on the Truckee River Governor’s Drought Forum recommended: advanced reclaimed water treatment investigations Support steering committee to create regulations

Reclaimed Water Feasibility Study Determine if Nevada’s newly adopted Exceptional Quality Reclaimed Water (Category A+), which creates a regulatory pathway for indirect potable reuse, offers water management opportunities for the Truckee Meadows region. 5-Year effort $6-8 million Stantec, American Water, Water Environment Research Foundation Bureau of Reclamation Grant Funding RICK

Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System Anaheim, California 100 million gallons per day Provides 25% of regional water supply - serving 2.3 million people Reduces dependence on imported water Treatment process includes reverse osmosis (RO) Pioneer in creating “agency legitimacy” movement

Successful Projects Have… Public engagement Builds agency legitimacy Regional effort Engages diverse expertise Clearly defined purpose Total water management Clear regulatory pathway Safe and reliable Feasibility phase conducted Demonstration project -“prove concepts”

Regional Feasibility Phase Activities Project Development Community Outreach Nevada Regulations Pilot Testing Technologies Demonstration Project Regional Feasibility Study created from recognized best practices Hydrogeologic Investigations Funding

Exceptional Quality Reclaimed Water Field Demonstration Project (2017-2020)

WRWC - UNR Scope of Work 3-1/2 year effort – $676,000 Contract Krishna Pagilla, PhD Internationally Recognized Water Expert Director - UNR’s Water Innovation Campus 3 PhD candidates: Laura Haak Vijay Sundaram Lydia Peri

Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Demonstration Project Tasks Task 1: Project Rationale and Justification Task 2: Treatment Technologies Evaluations Task 3: Basis of Design Task 4: Operating and Testing Plan

Project Rationale and Justification for Potable Reuse Task 1: Scope of Work Project Rationale and Justification for Potable Reuse Identify regional economic, environmental, and social benefits Assess status-quo management of water and recycled water resources Develop a statement of opportunity for recycled water Using “North Valleys” as the study area

Triple Bottom Line Assessment: Value Tree

Task 1 Findings Potable Reuse provides greatest benefits through environmental criteria Groundwater quality may improve Aquifer replenishment and decreased pumping from depleted wells Water stress (indicator of water security) will decrease in the North Valleys Increased water resource size through aquifer replenishment Potable Reuse also benefits social criteria Health risk assessment shows safety expected for removal of pathogens, regulated, and unregulated contaminants Water conservation goals are expected to improve with PR Larger pool of water resources available Potable Reuse is more expensive than status-quo management Capital costs for treatment train upgrades and distribution system Value is generated through creation of a new water resource

Task 1 Recommendations Potable Reuse improves future water management Developing a new aquifer to increase local water resources Adaptable management that can balance flood risk, drought supplies, conjunctive use, and well depletion Removes need to export reclaimed water Further study of Potable Reuse should fill in gaps and complete a site and technology specific health risk assessment Literature shows wide variability in pathogen removal, DBP formation, and unregulated contaminant concentrations to influent Local control may also correlate to additional external and internal benefits Energy savings, air pollution, carbon footprint Water quality improvements Local employment

Task 2: Treatment Technologies that can meet Nevada DEP Regulations/ Requirements Scope of Work Nevada Proposed IPR Regulations and Requirements Identify potential advanced treatment options Evaluate case studies Select advanced treatment train(s) for demonstration project Provide technological justification for treatment process selection

Nevada Reclaimed Water Regulations Indirect Potable Reuse through Infiltration Basins

Nevada Reclaimed Water Regulations Indirect Potable Reuse through Aquifer Injection

Injection Well IPR Project Train Task 2 Recommendations: Treatment Trains Recommended for IPR Demonstration Spreading Basin IPR Project Train (Category A Effluent + Vadose Zone Treatment) Secondary Treatment Granular Media Filtration with Pretreatment UV Disinfection Chlorination for Residual Maintenance (if needed) Spreading Vadose Zone/Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) Saturated Zone Travel Time Injection Well IPR Project Train (Ozone-BAC AWTF) Secondary Treatment Coagulation-Flocculation-Clarification Granular Media Filtration (CFC GMF) Ozone-BAC (O3-BAC) UV Disinfection Effluent Polishing Chlorination for Residual Maintenance (if needed) Injection Saturated Zone Travel Time

Task 3: Basis of Design for the Demonstration Project Determine Flows and Loads Develop Specific Treatment Requirements Perform Design Calculations Evaluate Treatment Equipment Options Summarize Design Criteria Develop Conceptual Process Flow Diagram Prepare Basis of Design Report for Spreading Basin IPR and Injection Well IPR Demonstration Project

Task 4: Development of a System Testing Plan Contaminant Monitoring Plan Specify methods and limits for monitoring of pathogens, regulated and unregulated contaminants Sampling Plan Develop a schematic of sampling locations and on line monitoring points State a schedule for sampling events Critical Control Points (CCP) Select CCPs to control hazards and ensure robustness and reliability Establish CCP on line monitoring strategies and critical limits Instrumentation Plan Identify instrumentation needed for on line and sampling event monitoring System Testing Plan Develop safety procedures, troubleshooting protocols, data validation QA/QC, and reporting methodology

Nevada Water Innovation Campus Concept Water Innovation Campus is a shared vision and effort by the regional water utilities and UNR to develop and implement leading edge and integrated water solutions for the regional needs, and demonstrate national leadership in the water sector by the Truckee Meadows region. The campus is intellectually/administratively housed at UNR and physically located at the regional water utilities. UNR research labs serve as the basic and fundamental research component of the water innovation campus

Next Steps Collaboration with our Independent Advisory Team Continue pilot testing treatment technologies Preparing for demonstration projects Selecting treatment equipment Regional team gaining expertise Develop Bureau of Reclamation funding plan $150,000 Federal Grant Water Rights Low Energy Treatment Technologies Water Markets Regional Long-Term Climate Variability

Nevada Water Innovation Campus Kick off Reception August 24th

Thank you John Enloe, Director of Natural Resources jenloe@tmwa.com Rick Warner, Senior Engineer rwarner@washoecounty.us Dr. Krishna Pagilla, UNR pagilla@unr.edu

Task 2 Findings Nevada IPR Regulatory Concerns Summary Pathogens (Giardia, Crypto and Virus inactivation requirements) Regulated Contaminants (National Primary and State Secondary Drinking Water Contaminants) Unregulated Constituents Monitoring Plan Spreading Basin IPR Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) is expected to provide substantial pathogen and contaminant removals Injection Well IPR Life-cycle cost of Reverse Osmosis (RO) based treatment option is three times more than Ozonation – Biological Activated Carbon Filtration (Ozone-BAC) option Selection of familiar treatment steps (e.g., sand filtration in lieu of membrane filtration) provides enhanced operational reliability