Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf

Limitations and Future Recommendations Education on the Importance of Hand Hygiene Stella Charles, Sonnie Sherman, Lena Mathena, Joe Stanley University of Detroit Mercy Introduction Methods Results Discussion Hospital acquired infections (HAI’s) are defined as transmission of pathogens from one patient to another by healthcare workers. HAI’s persist despite advances in health care system A lack of knowledge regarding infection control practices among health care workers decreases compliance with these practices. Hand hygiene is the single most important measure of prevention and control of infections and can significantly reduce the burden of diseases. The significance of this research project is to provide evidence to nurses about the magnitude of hand hygiene. This research project is a quasi experimental; quantitative study providing education with a pre and post assessment. This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit MI on one Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and two General Practice Unit (GPU) units. An educational pamphlet, power point, and poster board was provided to educate the nurses about the importance of hand hygiene. A 9 questionnaire survey was used to determine the knowledge before the education and after, and whether or not there was in increase in their knowledge. Power Point Slide 1 Poster Board The scoring was divided into three categories, high level, moderate level, and low level of knowledge. Scoring is based on number of correct answers. High (7-9), Moderate (4-6), low ( 0-3). The findings of this study correlate with the findings from other studies in the review of literature. Both GPU (Ortho & Cardiology) departments scores were combined and compared to the scores of one ICU department. Lack of knowledge by healthcare workers is evident. Even though nurses scored fairly well, there is still a need for continuing education. The design study showed the interventions were effective due to a marked increase in the post education survey scores. This survey was conducted only on the day shift. Background HAI’s have caused a significant amount of associated deaths that may have been prevented with appropriate infection control awareness HAI’s require the use of antibiotics to help treat these infections. It has become more of a challenge for health care providers to treat these infections due to the resistant that continue to grow. The cost to treat HAI’s has been estimated at $33 billion annually in the United States. HAI’s effect 5-10% of patients who are admitted to the hospital and causing an increase length of stay from 7.5-25 days. At least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people will die each years as a direct result of these infections. Annually about 721,800 infections occurred in 648,000 hospital patients, and approximately 75,000 patients with HAIs died during their hospitalization Project Question For registered nurses (P) in the acute-care setting, does hand hygiene education (I) compare with current knowledge (C) show an increase awareness of hand hygiene? (O) Review of Literature The lack of education and training decreases the compliance of infection control practices and increase the HAI rates. The spread of microorganisms tends to increase when inappropriate hand hygiene is performed. Maintaining the proper hand hygiene techniques is important to minimize the risk of transmitted infections. Regular educational programs and in-house training should be provided to help increase knowledge on infection control and decrease the rate of HAI’s. Review of literature not only explores evidence based research, but also elaborates on the importance and cost effectiveness to the health care industry. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most fundamental process to decrease the risk of health-care associated infections. Despite the available resources for hand hygiene practices, health-care providers do not perform hand hygiene as they ought to. Due to the significance of nursing role in hospitals, nurses have considerable amount of responsibility in preventing HAI’s. Nurses must possess adequate understanding and ability in infection control aspects.   Limitations and Future Recommendations Sample size is from 3 units in the hospital, cannot assume that same results from other departments or hospitals. Regular educational programs of hand hygiene should be offered through in house training by the organization. One study needed is to provide the effectiveness of continuing educational programs throughout the organization. Another study needed is determining the cost effectiveness of hand hygiene programs vs. the cost saved by reducing HAI’s. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Antibiotics/antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved from cdc.gov/drugresistance Chen, Y., Sheng, W., Wang, J., Chang, S., Lin, H., Tien, K., & Tsai, K. (2011). Effectiveness and limitations of hand hygiene promotion on decreasing healthcare–associated infections. Public Library of Science ONE, 6, 1-11. Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y., Nelson, C., & Bader, M. (2015). Use of a patient hand hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and improve nurses' hand washing. American Journal of Critical Care, 24, 216-224. Sodhi, K., Shrivastava, A., Arya, M., & Kumar, M. (2013). Knowledge of infection control practices among intensive care nurses in a tertiary care hospital. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 6(4), 269-275. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44102/1/9789241597906_ eng.pdf