LATEX By GerardoVela 3/27/2015
Brief History…. Latex begins with a program called Tex in 1978. Donald Knuth created a typesetting program that everyone could use to typeset documents. Latex was written in the early 1980s by Leslie Tamport. Latex shortening of Lamport TEX. Latex uses the Tex Typesetting features. Latex started as a writing tool for mathematicians and computer scientist. Now it is used in many fields, including physics, statistics, economics, and political science.
What is Latex? Latex is a high-quality typesetting system. It is used for technical and scientific documents, but it can also be used for any form of publishing. Latex contains features for: - Typesetting journal articles, books, magazines, newspapers, etc. - Control over large documents. - Mathematical Formulas. - ETC…..
Latex is free!!! For Windows is available at http://miktex.org For Mac and Linux is available at http://tug.org/texlive/ Latex needs a library of packages. Available at http://miktex.org/howto/install-miktex Or http://latex-project.org/ftp.html for Linux, mac, and windows.
Introduction Latex contains commands that are used for producing a document in a printable format, such as PDF. With the MikTeX library, these text files are typed into TeXwork text editor, then compiled into a PDF file by just clicking the green arrow in the menubar. The PDF file is displayed in a separate window with the output. To start a new environment ALWAYS include \begin{name of environment} ………. \end{name of environment}
The default size for each class is 10 point The default size for each class is 10 point. You can use 11 point or 2 point fonts by including this [11pt] next to the \documentclass command Required information is included in braces {}. While optional information is included in square brackets[]. If you have commands for Latex that will affect the document, you should include them in the preamble. The preamble is the space between \documentclass and \begin{document}. The body of the document is where you included your text, must occur between \begin{document} and \end{document} commands. Any text after the \end{document} will be ignored.
MAIN STRUCTURE \documentclass[…..]{……} Name of Class (article,book,exam, letter…) <load packages> The preamble loads packages from the MikTex. \begin{document} <body of document> Scope of program \end{document}
Page Numbering and Headings 1. \pagestyle{plain} is the default, which puts the page number at the center of the bottom of the page and provides no headings. 2. \pagestyle{empty} provides neither page numbers nor headings. 3. \pagestyle{headings} will provide page numbers and headings from any \section’s that you are using. 4. \pagestyle{myheadings} will provide page numbers and custom headings. These commands can also be applied to a single page using \thispagestyle instead of \pagestyle.
Creating a Title Page Between \documentclass and \begin{document}. 1. \title{yourtitlehere} 2. \author{yournamehere} 3. \date{currentdate} Place a \maketitle command immediately after the \begin{document} command.
Packages Main formula is \usepackage[OPTIONS]{NameOfPackage} \usepackage{geometry} – to set margins. \usepackage{xcolor} – to add text. \usepackage{graphicx} – to add pictures. \usepackage{amsmath} – loads mathematical formulas. \usepackage{lscape} – produce landscape pages.
Tables General formula \begin{tabular} { c l r } C means text will appear in the center, L words & words // means text will appear to the left, and R line two & line two// means text will appear to the right. \end{tabular}
Text Formatting
Landscape It is possible to make single pages appear left side up in the PDF, making them more readable. \begin{landscape} <page in landscape> \end{landscape}
Lists Use the lists environment to create a new list. For example : enumerate to create numbered list, itemize to create bullet list, and verbatim to copy text from a different source. \begin{name of list} \item …………. \end{name of list}
Paragraph alignment Environment flushleft, flushright, or center. \begin{name of environment} <text> \end{name of environment} Commands: \raggedright use \begin{quote} \raggedleft text goes here \centering \end{quote}
Graphicx package You can import external graphics by adding the command \usepackage{graphicx} in the preamble and putting the \includegraphics[scale = scale factor]{file name}
Math into Latex Mathematical symbols and equations require to be in math mode. There are two ways to enter math mode. 1.- Inline math this is used when formulas are to appear in a paragraph with normal text. To use this just add the dollar sign symbol between the formula ($......$). 2.- Display math this is used when the mathematics is to appear in a separate environment. Use the displaymath environment here. By default, text or formulas are centered horizontally.
Matrices and Determinants \begin{displaymath} A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{pmatrix},~ B = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6 \\ 7 & 8 \end{bmatrix},~ |A| = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{vmatrix} \end{displaymath}