CHAPTER 2 PART 1 Paulina Treviño de Anda #29 pg. 6,7 Paula Michelle Valenti García #30 pg. 8,9 Gregorio Humberto Villarreal Quiroga #31 pg. 2,3 María Gabriela Yóbal de Anda #32 pg.4,5 Chapter 2 Part 11

What Computers Do  Receive input : They accept information from the outside world.  Process information : Perform arithmetic or logical operations on information.  Produce Output : They communicate information to outside world.  Store Information : They store and retrieve information from memory and storage devices. Chapter 2 Part 1 2

What Computers Do (cont.)  Input Devices : Accept input from the outside. Examples: Keyboards, mouse, and touch pads.  Output Devices : Send information to the world. Examples: Printer, speakers, monitor.  Microprocessor : Is the computer’s “brain”, also called Processor or Central Processing Unit (CPU). It processes information, calculates, and makes basic decisions.  The Storage Devices : Store information can be primary (memory) or secondary. The computer’s memory is used to store programs and data. Storage secondary devices can include Hard disks and USBs. Chapter 2 Part 1 3

A Bit About Bits Information is communication that has a value because it informs. The difference between data and information is that information has value, data doesn’t. As an educator named Richard Saul Wurman says, if it doesn’t makes sense to you, it does not qualify. Things that contain information:  Words  Numbers  Pictures  Highlighted sentences  Sounds  Pictures Chapter 2 Part 1 4

Bit Basics Information is digital, made up of countable units named digits so it can be subdivided. Computers can digest information only when it has been broken down into bits, or binary digit. A bit is the smallest unit of information a computer can digest. A bit can have one of two values: 0 or 1 A byte is a collection of 8 bits Chapter 2 Part 1 5

Bits as Numbers  Computers are built from switching devices that reduce information to 0s and 1s, this system is called the binary system.  People who worked with early computers had to use binary arithmetic. Today’s computers use a software that converts decimals into binary system automatically. Chapter 2 Part 1 6

Bits as Codes  To make words or sentences, programmers made codes that represent each letter.  The ASCII(most widely used code) represents each character as a unique 8-bit code.  To facilitate multilingual computing, the computer industry is embracing Unicode, a coding sheme that supports more than 100,000 unique characters, for all the major languages. Chapter 2 Part 1 7

The World’s Languages  The most widely used code, ASCII represents each character as a unique 8-bit code.  ASCII is too limited to accomdate, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Arabic, and other languages  To computer industry is embracing UNICODE a coding acheme that supports more than 100,000 unique characters  Today’s computers aren’t just manipulating numbers and text, a group of bits canalso represent colors, sounds, quantitive measurements from the enviroment, or another process. Chapter 2 Part 1 8

Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords  Some bit related terminology does come up in a day to day computer work. Most computer users need to have at least a basic understanding of the following terms for quantity data:  Byte: a logical group of 8 bits, also referred to as an octet  Kilobyte: 1,000 bytes of information  Megabyte: 1,000 KB or 1 million bytes  Gigabytes: 1,000 or 1 billion bytes  Terabyte: 1 million or 1 trillion bytes  Petabyte this astronomical value is the equivalent of 1024 terabytes or 1 quadrillion bytes.  The abbreviations KB, MB, GB, TB and PB describe the capacity of memory and storage components.  File: is an organized collection of information, such as as term paper or set of names and addresses, stored in a computer readable form.  Megabits: add to the confusion, people often measure data transfer speed or memory size. Chapter 2 Part 1 9