Kinds of organism interactions Competition- Multiple organisms fighting or competing for a resource like food, water, space, or a mate Predation- One organism kills and eats another organism for food Symbiosis- Two organisms interact where at least one benefits, but both live.

Symbiosis What it means: A close relationship between 2 species Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

Big Horned Sheep

Frog and newt

Crocodile and Plover Bird

Pilot Fish and Oceanic White-tip Shark

Dogs and fleas

3 kinds of symbiosis Let’s practice by using the whiteboards to indicate whether the example is C, M, or P

Acacia Plant & Ants The ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to create the gall. What symbiotic relationship is this? parasitism because the acacia tree is harmed and the ants benefit

Anemone & Clown Fish This fish lives its entire adult life among the tentacles of a bulb- tentacle sea anemone. Anemone fish do not get stung by the anemone as would most other fish so they get protection from predators. The fish often drop food scraps which the anemones can eat. What symbiotic relationship is this? Mutualism because both benefit

Boxer Crab & Anemones This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply. What symbiotic relationship is this? Mutualism because both benefit

The remora attaches itself to the shark and saves energy since it doesn’t have to swim, and it gets to snack on the sharks kills. The shark doesn’t get anything. Shark & Remora What symbiotic relationship is this? Commensalism because the remora benefits and the shark doesn’t get anything

This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm- like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber What symbiotic relationship is this? Commensalism because the shrimp benefits and the sea cucumber doesn’t seem to mind

Moray Eel & Cleaner Fish This moray eel has a small fish cleaning between its teeth. The eel gets a clean mouth while the cleaner fish gets a nice meal. What symbiotic relationship is this? Mutualism because both benefit

Cattle & Cattle Egrets As these cattle walk around eating grass they stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects. What symbiotic relationship is this? Commensalism because the egrets get food and the cattle are not affected

Antelope & Ox Bird This ox bird hangs out on the antelope and gets a delicious meal of bugs living on the antelope. The antelope gets rid of parasites. What symbiotic relationship is this? Mutualism because both benefit

Loa Loa Worm & Human This worm infects the human blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result. What symbiotic relationship is this? Parasitism because the worm gets a home and the human may go blind

Goby and Alpheid Shrimp What symbiotic relationship is this? This alpheid shrimp (on the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow Mutualism because both benefit

Wrasse & Batfish Can you see the two cleaner wrasses are removing parasites from a batfish? One of the wrasses has entered the gill slit of the batfish, and may even enter its mouth in search of food. The batfish gets a bath and the wrasse gets a meal. What symbiotic relationship is this? Mutualism because both benefit

Hummingbird Moth & Flower This hummingbird moth is drinking the nectar of a flower. The flower gets pollinated (the moth brings pollen from other flowers) and the moth gets a tasty meal. What symbiotic relationship is this? Mutualism because both benefit

Let’s Review 1.What is symbiosis? 2.What are the different kinds of symbiosis? 3.Describe one example of each kind of symbiotic relationship.