Childhood obesity Learning the right choices at school Dr Catherine Calderwood Chief Medical Officer for Scotland obstetrician and gynaecologist

Introduction Inequalities Why food matters – the science bit! What we’re already doing in Scotland – not just food and diet policy Sit less move more/ Early Years Collaborative The future?

Leading causes of attributable global mortality, WHO 2004 % 1.High blood pressure Tobacco use8.7 3.High blood glucose Physical inactivity Overweight and obesity High cholesterol Unsafe sex Alcohol use3.8 9.Childhood underweight Indoor smoke from solid fuels million total global deaths in 2004

Developmental origins of adult disease Cancer Cardiovascular disease Allergies Asthma Hypertension Diabetes Obesity Mental illness Arthritis Osteoporosis Cognitive decline

Obesity amongst children Percentage of children overweight (including obese) Percentage of children obese Scotland (2012, age ) 29%16% England (2012, age ) 28%14% Wales (2013, age under 16) 35%19% N. Ireland (2012/13, age ) 25%6% Ireland (2007, age ) 22%10%

Health Inequalities The Projected Prevalence of Obesity in Primary 1 Children in Scotland for Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Quintiles 1 & 5 compared to Scotland as a whole: school years 2001/02 to 2019/20 9

Jordanhill Charing Cross Hyndland Partick Anderston Exhibition Centre CENTRAL Argyll St. Bridgeton QUEEN STREET Govan HillheadSt George’s Cross Buchanan Street Life expectancy data refers to and was extracted from the GCPH community health and well-being profiles. Adapted from the SPT travel map by Gerry McCartney. Males y Females y St Enoch Males y Females y Ibrox Cessnock Each stop on the Argyll line travelling East represents a drop of 1.7 years in male life expectancy

Obesity, Cakes and Diabetes Source: Scottish Health Survey; Kantar Worldpanel Cake consumption % Obese (16-64) Diabetes prevalence

COSTS TO THE NHS Comparative level of importance varies depending of figures used – message is the same In 2006–07, costs to NHS in UK for behaviour related ill health: poor diet £5.8 billion Smoking £3.3 billion alcohol £3.3 billion overweight and obesity cost £5.1 billion physical inactivity£0.9 billion Scarborough et al 2011

Obesity policies within education The Schools (Health Promotion and Nutrition) Act (Scotland) 2007 Nutritional Requirements for Food and Drink in Schools (Scotland) regulations 2008 Better Eating, Better learning – A New Context for School Food (March 2014) Beyond the School Gate (June 2014) Curriculum for Excellence (2008) Physical Activity Implementation Plan (2014) Free School Meals

Public Perception 15

Foresight report Causal Linkage Map 16

UK Global Burden of Diseases in 2013: DALYs attributed to key risk factors (J Newton et al Lancet (15) 00195) Diet ≈ 39%

UK Global Burden of Diseases in 2013: DALYs attributed to key risk factors (J Newton et al Lancet (15) 00195) Diet bigger than To bacco+Alcohol+Inactivity

Making our Diet Healthier Scottish Dietary Goals Source: Food Standards Agency in Scotland

Making our Diet Healthier Scottish Dietary Goals - Inequalities Source: Food Standards Agency in Scotland

National Performance Framework Scottish Dietary Goals, Health Inequalities, Asset Approaches

Making our Diet Healthier Current policies – some examples

National Outcomes Our children have the best start in life and are ready to succeed. We have improved the life chances for children, young people and families at risk. Our young people are successful learners, confident individuals, effective contributors and responsible citizens.

Early Years – Shared Vision To make Scotland the best place in the world to grow up in by improving outcomes and reducing inequalities for all babies, children, mothers, fathers and families across Scotland, to ensure that all children have the best start in life and are ready to succeed.

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