1 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Sprinkler Monitoring Room Temperature Devices Usually employed with a wet pipe system, a room temperature-monitoring device indicates that the temperature is decreasing to a predetermined level. Pressure Tanks A pressure tank serves as a secondary source of water to the commercial supply. The tank is filled two- thirds by water and one-third by air. Supervision of a pressure tank covers air pressure and water level. Fire Pumps Fire pumps are intended to supply adequate water pressure in case of a fire. Several monitoring devices can be applied to pumps, including those that detect loss of power failure to start, and lack of fuel, phase reversal, pump running signal, etc.

2 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt The Systems NOTIFIER ONYX NFS-640 FCI 7100 Fire-Lite Alarms MS-9600 Gamewell IdentiFlex 602 Silent Knight 5820XL

3 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Conventional (hard wired) - Fixed - Programmable Addressable (multiplexed) Intelligent (analog data transfer) Types of Fire Alarm Control Panels

4 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Simplest type of control unit. Generally, a single circuit board contains power supply, control, initiating and notification circuitry. Some models use auxiliary circuit boards to perform special functions. Input/output devices connect to dedicated circuits. Designated outputs occur when initiating signals are received. Limited special functions and capability Conventional “Hard Wired” System

5 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Conventional Initiating Devices Conventional Contact Devices cause an alarm on the Initiating Zones by placing a short on the line and drawing the maximum current through the zone. Conventional Smoke Detectors cause an alarm by drawing sufficient current as a result of smoke or PoC particles equivalent to the alarm level of a device.

6 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt

7 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Basic “Designed System” Often, but not always, consist of modular components. Components or circuits selected by the installation contractor to meet the direct needs of the customer. Input and output devices are connected to appropriate circuits. Conventional “Programmable” System

8 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Initiating circuits programmed for fire, waterflow, supervisory, etc. Output circuits programmed for code selection and silenceability. On some systems, input-to-output mapping. Conventional “Hard Wired” System

9 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Addressable System Each device (detector, pull station…) has a unique number assigned to it called the address for reporting alarms and troubles. Employs a Signaling Line Circuit (SLC) Loop along which all addressable input and output devices are connected to the fire alarm control panel. Addressable devices transmit an electronic message back to the Control Unit representing their state (Normal, Alarm, Trouble) when polled by the Control Unit.

10 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Addressable System These systems can also monitor conventional initiating devices using addressable monitor modules. SLC Loop 24 VDC Filtered Resettable Power

11 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Typical SLC FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL

12 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Addressable System The addressing scheme allows the control panel to distinguish one device from another and results in highly-detailed information about the threat. ALARM SMOKE (PHOTO) 3RD FLOOR HALLWAY CLOSET 11:00AM D140

13 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Addressable System This type of system allows for the individual programming of certain initiating devices to selectively activate certain output devices based on alarm activity. The process of linking outputs to inputs in programming is called Software Zoning.

14 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Input-to-Output Mapping

15 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Input-to-Output Mapping Detector 1 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3 and NAC 4 and NAC 5. Detector 2 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3 and NAC 4 and NAC 5. Detector 3 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3 and NAC 4 and NAC 5. Detector 4 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3 and NAC 4 and NAC 5. Detector 5 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3 and NAC 4 and NAC 5. Detector 6 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3 and NAC 4 and NAC 5.

16 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Software Zoning Z1 Z2 Z3

17 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Software Zoning Detector 1 turns on Software Zone 1. Detector 2 turns on Software Zone 1. Detector 3 turns on Software Zone 1. Detector 4 turns on Software Zone 1. Detector 5 turns on Software Zone 1. Detector 6 turns on Software Zone 1. Software Zone 1 turns on NAC 1, NAC 2, NAC 3, NAC 4 and NAC 5.

18 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Software Zoning Floor-Above/Floor Below Elevator Recall Smoke Control Ring-By-Zone Door Locks (Card Access) Cross Zoning

19 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Intelligent System Always an Addressable System. Processes detailed, analog data from detectors about smoke levels. Can provide sensitivity data for each detector. Employs Drift Compensation (self calibration) in it's detectors.

20 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Design and Application

21 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Design Issues Device Selection - Photo vs. Ion, line versus spot. - What is are the total costs of one type versus another? - How does the environment affect device selection? - Does the device meet code specifications and code? Placement of Devices (where do you place smoke detectors, pull stations, notification appliances)? Calculations (how do you calculate battery size and NAC voltage drops?). Programming (how will you accomplish your non-general alarm events?).

22 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Total (complete) Coverage includes all rooms, halls, storage areas, basements attics, lofts, spaces above suspended ceilings, and other subdivisions and accessible spaces as well as the inside of all closets, elevator shafts, enclosed stairways, dumbwaiter shafts and chutes. NFPA Section Exception - inaccessible areas that DO NOT contain combustible materials do not require smoke detection.

23 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Partial Coverage calls for smoke detection in all common areas and work spaces, such as corridors, lobbies, storage rooms, equipment rooms, and other tenantless spaces. The building owner must understand that a fire alarm system may not detect a fire that develops within any area without smoke detection until that fire has reached proportions that may seriously compromise the safe evacuation of occupants and the timely notification of fire responders. CAUTION!

24 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Detection Protection Air Velocity >300 fpm Altitude >3000 ft Humidity >93% Temp. <32 O F >100 O F Color of Smoke Ion Can affect Photo Beam Air Sampling Does not affect Conditions Influencing Detector Response Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Can affect Does not affect

25 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement On flat ceilings, spot detector coverage is defined by an area of 30’ x 30’. Detectors not to exceed listed spacing and will be installed within 1/2 listed spacing from all walls and partitions that come within 18" of the ceiling. On irregular shaped ceilings, detectors shall be installed so all areas of the ceiling are within a 21 foot radius of a detector (0.7 x 30'). Can be installed on the bottom side of exposed ceiling beams/upper floor joists. Don't recess-mount smoke or heat detectors.

26 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Smoke Detector 30’ 21’ Typical area of room protection Maximum radius of protection Spot detector placement is based on central mounting of a detector in a 30’ X 30’ room. No area may be more than 21’ from the detector. 21’ 30’

27 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Smoke Detector 10’ 21’ Room Maximum radius of protection Note that in this application, two detectors are not required because all areas within the room are within 21 feet of the detector. 41’

28 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 15’ 30’

29 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 120’ 90’ 120' / 30' = 4 Columns 90' / 30' = 3 Rows 12 Detectors

30 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 120’ 90’ 120' x 90' = 10,800 sq. ft. 10,800' / 900' = Detectors

31 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt

32 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 400' x 175' = 70,000 sq. ft. / 900 = 78 detectors Estimating Detectors

33 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 15’ 30’ 30' x 120' Room

34 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 10' x 120' Corridor When one dimension falls below the 0.7 of the listed spacing (21') employ the 21-foot rule. 10’ 21’

35 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Minimum detector mounting distance. Sidewall-mounted detectors can be as much as 12" from the ceiling.

36 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Sloped Ceilings Sloped: Detectors are first spaced and located within 3’ of the peak, measured horizontally. Detector number and spacing is based on the horizontal projection of the ceiling. Peaked: The same rules as sloped apply, but must be used on both sides of the peak separately.

37 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Sloped Ceilings 3 ft

38 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Peaked Ceilings 3 ft

39 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Ceiling height affects - Accessibility for maintenance and testing. - Stratification - when smoke reaches the same temperature of the surrounding air, it stops rising. - Dissipation - The higher the ceiling, the more smoke can dissipate by the time it reaches the detector. Spot Detector Placement Cathedral and Atrium Ceilings

40 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Spot Detector Placement Other Environments Raised Floors and Suspended Ceilings: In these spaces that are not HVAC plenums, the standard detector spacing rules apply. Partitions: Partitions to 18” of the ceiling do not influence spacing. Partitions to less than 18” of the ceiling will reduce the effective area of coverage.

41 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Projected Beam Location Projected Beam detectors will generally be installed with the beam parallel to the ceiling, at a spacing not to exceed manufacturer’s recommendations. Detectors may be installed below the ceiling level to overcome the stratification of air in high ceiling environments.

42 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Projected Beam Location Projected Beam detectors may be installed vertically or at angles needed for protection. - Air Shaft, or Stairwell vertical installations. - Ramp walkways and corridors.

43 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Duct Detector Placement Duct Detectors should be located in a straight area between 6 and 10 duct widths from any return openings, sharp turns or connections in the duct. Detectors may be mounted on inlet or outlet ducts, depending on the monitoring purpose. When the duct detector's Alarm or Supervisory LED is not visible to responding personnel, a remote alarm or supervisory indication shall be provided.

44 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Heat Detector Location On a smooth ceiling, the distance between detectors shall not exceed the listed spacing, and there shall be detectors within 1/2 of the listed spacing from all walls and partitions. All points shall have a detector within a distance equal to 70% of the listed spacing.

45 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Heat Detector Location Detectors on irregular shaped ceilings may be spaced greater than the listed spacing, provided all points on the ceiling are within 70% of the detectors rated spacing. Example – church steeple or atrium

46 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Heat Detector Spacing Ceiling Height (feet) Percent (%) of Listed Spacing

47 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Initiating Devices Manual Fire Alarm Pull Stations

48 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Manual Pull Stations ADA Accessibility Guidelines Operation: Controls and operating mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls shall be no greater than 5 lb.

49 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Is this an ADA compliant application?

50 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Smoke Detector Manual Pull Station Alarm Signal Differentiation Some codes dictate that smoke detectors and normally-open contact initiating devices be installed on separate zones in applications employing Alarm Verification. FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL

51 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Manual Fire Alarm Stations Mounting Locations Manual fire alarm stations shall be located within 5 feet of the exit doorway opening of each floor. Grouped openings over 40 feet in width require pull stations on both sides of the opening. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided so that the travel distance to the nearest fire alarm box will not be in excess of 200 feet (61 m) measured horizontally on the same floor. Each manual fire alarm station shall be conspicuous, unobstructed, and accessible, and of a contrasting color to the background on which they are mounted.

52 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt

53 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Manual Fire Alarm Stations NFPA 72 - Mount pull station so that operable part is 42" to 54" from the floor. ADA Accessibility Guidelines - Forward reach: If access is only from a forward approach, mount 15-48”. - Side reach: If clear space allows a parallel approach, mount 9-54”. If side reach is over an obstruction, use forward reach rules.

54 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Manual Fire Alarm Stations The height is measured from the floor to the point of actuation. 48 Inches

55 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Designing with Notification Appliances

56 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt ADA vs NFPA Conflicts exist between ADA and NFPA guidelines regarding requirements for notification appliances in fire alarm systems. If the specifications call for ADA compliance, it is a federal law which must be obeyed. It is believed that newly-revised ADA Accessibility Guidelines will reference NFPA

57 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Ambient Noise Ambient Noise Level – the level of noise around us, or encircling us. Often referred to as “background noise”. Decibels (dB)– Sound pressure is rated in decibels, which is a unit for measuring relative loudness. dBA - A dB scale referenced to the minimum pressure that can be detected by the human ear.

58 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Ambient Noise 1 dBA (faintest audible sound) – Remember the hearing test? 50 dBA Typical conversation 80 dBA Alarm Clock 130 dBA (painful – ear damage possible).

59 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Typical Ambient Noise Levels

60 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Operating Modes Public Mode – Audible or visible signaling to occupants or inhabitants of the area protected by the fire alarm system. Private Mode – Audible or visible signaling only to those persons directly concerned with the implementation and direction of emergency action initiation and procedure in the area protected by the fire alarm system.

61 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Audible Devices - Public Mode NFPA: 15 dB above average ambient sound level or 5 dB above maximum 60-second sound level, whichever is greater (minimum of 75 dBA to a maximum of 120 dBA). ADA: If provided, 15 dB above average ambient sound level or 5 dB above maximum 60-second sound level, whichever is greater (maximum of 120 dBA).

62 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Audible Devices - Private Mode NFPA: Minimum of 45 dBA, maximum of 120 dBA, at least 10 dB above average ambient sound level or 5 dB above maximum 60-second sound level, whichever is greater.

63 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Audible Devices - Sleeping Areas NFPA: 15 dB above average ambient sound level or 5 dB above maximum 60-second sound level, whichever is greater (minimum of 75 dBA), measured at the pillow.

64 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Audible Device Installation Where ceiling heights permit, wall mounted devices shall have their tops at heights above the finished floor of not less than 90 inches, and below the finished ceilings of not less than 6 inches. If combination audible/visual appliances are installed, follow the mounting rules for visual appliances. At least 90" At least 6"

65 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Rules, Guidelines and Tips The Sound Pressure Level drops 6 dB each time the distance from the source is doubled. 40 ft 20 ft 10 ft 75 dBA 30 ft 69 dBA 63 dBA

66 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Ambient Noise Level = 52 dBA 15 dB above = ft Lose 6 dB every double distance Need to cover 40 feet ( ) ft ft ft 40’

67 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Ambient Noise Level = 52 dbA Each sounder needs to cover 20 feet (10-20) ft ft 40’

68 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 230’ 150 ’ 40’ 79 dB

69 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 230 ’ 150’ 67 ft 73 ft 79 ft 85 ft 80’ 85 dB 40’ 79 dB

70 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 230’ 10 ft ft ft ft ft ft - 65 dbA Ambient Noise Level = 52 dbA

71 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Audible Devices - Public Mode Where acceptable to the AHJ, reducing or shutting down background noise is an acceptable alternative to a high audio output. - Musical equipment - Machinery Audible signaling may be reduced or eliminated by visual signaling (with AHJ approval).

72 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Visual Signaling Appliance Above 105 dbA: When the average ambient sound level is greater than 105 dbA, visual signaling appliances are required. - Indoor concerts - Drop forge shops - Printing presses

73 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Visual Signaling ADA Requirements Americans with Disabilities Act sets provisions for visual appliances: - Intensity minimum of 75 cd in non-sleeping areas, and 110 cd in sleeping areas. - Lamp shall be a Xenon strobe type or equivalent. - The color shall be clear or nominal white. - Pulse duration 0.2 sec. with a 40% duty cycle. - Flash Rate per second (1-3 Hz).

74 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Wall-Mounted Appliances NFPA Wall mounted devices shall have their bottoms at heights above the finished floor of not less than 80 inches, and not greater than 96 inches. Maximum separation of appliances shall not exceed 100 feet. ADA The appliance shall be placed 80 inches above the highest floor level within the space, or 6 inches from the ceiling, whichever is lower. Devices shall be no more than 50 ft. apart. In large areas without obstructions 6 ft. above the floor, devices may be spaced a maximum of 100 feet apart.

75 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Visual Device Installation 96" 80" At least 80" At least 6" NFPA ADA 96" 80" At least 80" At least 6" NFPA ADA Strobe Horn/Strobe At least 90"

76 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 50' x 50’ cd cd cd 40' x 40’ cd cd cd 30' x 30’ cd cd Wall Mount Appliance Coverage 20' x 20’ cd /75 cd

77 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Dual-Candela Appliances 40' x 15’ 75 cd 15 cd 15/75 cd

78 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Room Spacing Visuals 50’ 50’ x 50' = 2500 sq ft 2500 sq ft x lumens/ sq ft = cd 93.75/4 = cd

79 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Room Spacing Visuals 50’

80 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Room Spacing Visuals 50’ 25’ x 25’

81 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 50' x 50’ ft ft ft 40' x 40’ ft ft ft 30' x 30’ ft ft ft 20' x 20’ ft ft ft Ceiling Mount Appliance Coverage

82 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Synchronization Visual Synchronization reduces the effect on those who are prone to suffer seizures from Epilepsy. Required when two or more appliances are in the same field of view.

83 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Synchronization Synchronization is effected via two means - a remote module or circuitry built into the fire alarm control panel. Built-in control panel circuitry is highly desirable. Audible Synchronization permits the proper sounding of evacuation coding.

84 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Designing with the Control Panel

85 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Design Issues The authority having jurisdiction shall be notified prior to installation or alteration of equipment or wiring. At the authority having jurisdiction's request, complete information regarding the system or system alterations, including specifications, shop drawings, battery calculations, and notification appliance circuit voltage drop calculations shall be submitted for approval. NFPA Section *

86 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Battery Calculations Standby - the current the control panel and all its peripherals draw under loss of AC power and while the system is not in an alarm state (up to 24 hours). Alarm - the system is in alarm and powering Notification Appliances (5 minutes).

87 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Sum the currents of all devices that draw current in Standby: Battery Calculations 0.5 Amps 12.0 Amp-Hours Multiply by 24 hours: 0.5 Amp-Hours Multiply MAX supply capability (say 6 amps) by 5/60 (0.084): 12.5 Amp-Hours Sum Standby & Alarm: 15.0 Amp-Hours Multiply by 1.2:

88 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Voltage Drops All wire has internal resistance. Over a distance this resistance will reduce the amount of voltage available to power notification appliances. All appliances have a minimum operating voltage rating- the point at which the device stops functioning.

89 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Voltage Drops The challenge to system designers is to size NAC wiring to ensure full functioning of appliances under all permissible voltage conditions for the fire alarm control panel. In other words, appliances have to function at 27 VDC, 24 VDC, and even as low as 20.4 VDC (control panel low battery condition as defined by UL).

90 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Voltage Drops In order for an appliance installed at the end of a typical notification circuit to function when the control panel approaches low battery (20.4 VDC), the appliance would have to have a minimum operating voltage as low as volts. The calculations required to derive the proper wiring size for a notification circuit are complex and time consuming.

91 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Distributed NACs Use of a remote power supply can save previous voltage in the run from the control panel to the start of a Notification Appliance Circuit.

92 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Voltage Drops Thought has to be given to the selection of wire gauge on notification circuits. Use slide chart, spread sheet or dedicated computer program to determine the proper gauge. Many manufacturers offer such tools. There's a Point to all this

93 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Wiring Standards NFPA 72 establishes standards of performance for various wiring styles for Initiation Circuits, Notification Appliance Circuits and Signaling Line Circuit (SLC) Loop wiring. - For Initiating Device Circuits Styles B & D. - For SLC Loops Styles 4,6, & 7. - For Notification Appliance Circuits Styles Y & Z.

94 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Initiating Zone Wiring Class A/Style D 4-wire circuit. Wiring originates at the control unit, interconnects all devices in series-parallel fashion and returns to the control unit. Return circuit monitors line voltage. If voltage missing, return line will feed current to devices from its connections. No branch tapping allowed.

95 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Initiating Zone Wiring Class B Class B/Style B 2-wire circuit. Wiring originates at the control unit, interconnects all devices in series-parallel fashion and terminates in an end-of-line device. A wire break results in a loss of all devices past the break. No branch tapping allowed.

96 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Initiating Zone Capability From NFPA 72 Style B D Condition Alarm Trouble Alarm Capable AlarmTroubleAlarm Capable Single Open NoYes N/R NoYes Single Ground NoYes NoYes Wire Short YesNoYesNo

97 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Multi-Riser Wiring For proper supervision of multiple risers, utilize separate wiring runs. Tee-tapping prevents proper circuit supervision. Using 4-wire cable defeats the protection offered by 2-wire installations, and violates most codes.

98 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Incorrect Multi-Riser Wiring EoL In this example, all devices may report an alarm, but an open circuit trouble will not be reported on either line without the EoL device.

99 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Correct Multi-Riser Wiring EoL In this example, all devices will report an alarm, and an open circuit trouble will be reported because the entire circuit runs in series to the EoL device.

100 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 4-wire Smoke Detectors are devices that receive power from a source other than the Initiating Device Circuit. They may be wired in Style B or Style D, and are supervised with an end-of- line power supervision relay for loss of operating current. 4 Wire Smoke Detectors

101 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 4 Wire Detectors 4-wire Smoke Detectors wired Style B Initiating Zone 4-Wire Detector Power IDC (+) IDC (-) +24VDC Common UL Listed Power Supervisory Relay

102 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Installation and Field Wiring

103 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Survivability All Class A-type wiring (Style D, Z, 6 and 7) shall be installed such that the outgoing and return conductors exiting from and returning to the control unit are routed separately. The outgoing and return circuits shall not be run in the same cable assembly (i.e. multi- conductor cable), enclosure or raceway.

104 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Installation - Cabinet Identify and remove knockouts from the cabinet. Be sure to reference the Installation Manual for instructions on the physical separation of power-limited and non-power limited wiring required by Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL). This will affect which knockouts can be used for certain ACC circuits.

105 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Power-Limited Wiring All Power and Non Power-Limited Wiring must remain separated with the control cabinet by at least 1/4" and must enter and exit the cabinet through separate knockouts.

106 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Installation – Power Never touch the batteries unless AC Power is applied. Power UP - Connect AC wiring, turn on main breaker, then connect batteries. Power Down - Disconnect batteries, turn off main breaker, then disconnect AC wiring.

107 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Initial Testing Test the control panel before connecting any field wiring. 1. Leave in place or reinstall dummy-load resistors. 2. Apply AC Power. 3. Connect backup batteries. 4. Examine the system for trouble conditions and correct as necessary.

108 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt System Wiring NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code) provides common wiring practices for fire alarm systems in Article In general, these requirements require the installer to break the connection wire at each device to provide supervision of the loop. - If wire nuts are used on pigtail connections, a separate wire must be provided for input and output wiring.

109 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Incorrect Device Wiring Unbroken wire loops under teeter connections

110 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Correct Device Wiring Broken wire loops under teeter connections

111 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Incorrect Device Wiring Three wires under pigtail connections

112 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Correct Device Wiring Two wires under pigtail connections

113 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Device Compatibility Smoke Detectors must be listed by the appropriate agency for proper operation with Fire Alarm Control Units. This will be based on voltage, standby current and alarm current requirements of the panel and the device capabilities. Refer to manufacturer specifications for the style and number of devices allowed per zone.

114 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt NAC Wiring Class B Class B/Style Y 2-wire circuit. Wiring originates at the control unit, interconnects all devices in series-parallel fashion and terminates in an end of line device. A wire break results in a loss of all devices past the break.

115 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt NAC Wiring Class A Class A/Style Z 4-wire circuit. Wiring originates at the control unit, interconnects all devices in series-parallel fashion and returns to the control unit. Return circuit monitors line voltage. If voltage is missing, return line will drive devices from its connections. No branch-tapping allowed.

116 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Notification Appliance Capability From NFPA 72 Style YStyle Z Condition Trouble Alarm Capable Trouble Alarm Capable Single Open Yes N/R Yes Single Ground Yes Wire Short Yes No Yes No

117 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt NAC Wiring Ensure Notification Appliance devices are listed for use with the power source used to drive them. Unsupervised NAC power will require a power supervisory relay to monitor integrity of the power supply, and report a trouble to the control unit in the event of NAC power loss.

118 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring Observe manufacturer’s recommendations for total wire length, loop resistance and device loading. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for connection of shield and/or drain wires. Interface Devices (monitor and control modules) follow the rules for conventional devices on their non-SLC loop sides.

119 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Loop Capability From NFPA 72 Style 4.0 ConditionAlarmTrouble Alarm Capable Single Open No Single Ground Wire Short Wire Short & Open Wire Short & Ground Single Open & Ground Yes ? Yes No ?

120 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring - Style 4.0 Style 4.0 non-redundant 2-wire loop. Originates at the Control unit and connects to all devices observing proper polarity. Note: devices wired in reverse polarity are treated as a wire short. Branch tapping may be allowed following manufacturers specifications.

121 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring - Style 4 FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL

122 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Loop Capability From NFPA 72 Style 6.0 ConditionAlarmTrouble Alarm Capable Single Open No Single Ground Wire Short Wire Short & Open Wire Short & Ground Single Open & Ground Yes No Yes

123 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring - Style 6.0 Style 6.0 redundant 4-wire loop. Originates at the Control unit, connects to all devices observing proper polarity and returns to the Control unit. Return circuit monitors the return line for voltage. If incorrect level is sensed, the return circuit will drive the data line identically to the output side.

124 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring - Style 6.0 Note: devices wired in reverse polarity are treated as a wire short. Branch tapping is not allowed. Observe manufacturer’s recommendations for total wire length, resistance and device loading.

125 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Maximum loop length cannot exceed manufacturers recommendation. Maximum resistance cannot exceed manufacturers recommendation. SLC Wiring - Style 6.0 FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL

126 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Loop Capability From NFPA 72 Style 7.0 ConditionAlarmTrouble Alarm Capable Single Open No Single Ground Wire Short Wire Short & Open Wire Short & Ground Single Open & Ground Yes

127 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring - Style 7.0 Style 7.0 Isolated Redundant 4-wire Loop. Similar to Style 6.0 requirements. Isolation devices are required on output and return wiring from the control unit, and flanking each device.

128 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt SLC Wiring - Style 7.0 Isolation devices monitor the SLC line for short circuits. A short causes the isolation devices flanking the short to open, only removing one device, maximum, from the circuit. Isolation devices may be used on Style 4.0 and Style 6.0 wiring systems to enhance operation. Follow manufacturers recommendations regarding Isolation devices.

129 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt FIRE ALARM CONTROL PANEL SLC Wiring Style 7

130 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Maximum loop length cannot exceed manufacturer’s recommendation. Maximum resistance cannot exceed manufacturer’s recommendation. Isolators must be installed between the panel and the devices and between each device to comply with NFPA and UL. (Drawing shows NFPA wiring only.) SLC Wiring – Style 7

131 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Quick-Reference Chart Style ClassIDCNAC SLC Class B BDBD Class A YZYZ 4 6, 7

132 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, Troubleshooting Practically everything associated with a modern fire alarm control system is effectively supervised. This means that failure of a given system will result in a corresponding trouble condition. A prime key to troubleshooting is an understanding of how systems, circuits and devices are supervised.

133 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt System Supervision This ensures proper operation of the Fire Alarm System. Not to be confused with supervisory signaling for releasing systems. Anything which could inhibit the system’s ability to report a fire is considered a fault. Faults must cause “Trouble” signals so proper corrective actions can be taken.

134 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt System Supervision The following systems are supervised: - Power Supplies (primary and secondary) - Initiating and Notification Device Circuits - Installation Conductors - Device Wiring Connections - Smoke Detector Chamber Levels - Phone Lines (in DACT systems) - Device Types (in Addressable systems)

135 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, False alarms in Conventional Systems - Dirt or other foreign material in smoke detectors (bugs, sheet rock dust, canned smoke, moisture). - Voltage spikes  Lightning  HVAC or other electrical equipment.  Radios, walkie talkies, etc. Troubleshooting

136 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, Troubleshooting False alarms in Conventional Systems - Excess Air Velocity in Ionization Detectors - Excessive Supervisory Current  Improper End-Of-Line Resistor.  Too many devices drawing power from an Initiating Device Circuit.

137 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Two-wire smoke detectors must be listed with Underwriters Laboratories as compatible. UL determines the maximum number of a compatible smoke detector allowed per zone on a particular FACP. That number is based on the amount of current available on a zone in the FACP and the current required by each device. Troubleshooting

138 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Open Circuit Troubleshooting ALARM Threshold Supervisory Level Detector Current Max Det. Current Short Circuit

139 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, Troubleshooting Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) can cause false alarms and troubles to occur on conventional initiating circuits and communications problems on addressable circuits. RF detectors can help identify the sources of this energy.

140 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, Troubleshooting Electrical interference, or noise, is the unwanted influencing of stray voltage on the affected circuit. As voltage goes up, current on the circuit goes down (Ohms Law). Conversely, as the voltage goes down, the current goes up. Noise has a different effect on communications circuits (addressable systems) than it does on conventional systems.

141 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, On a conventional circuit, an increase in current can cause an alarm. A decrease in current can cause a trouble condition. On a communications circuit, such as an SLC, noise tends to disrupt communications, which will result in invalid replies from addressable devices (trouble conditions). It is less likely to cause false alarming. Transorbs, MOVs, PTCs on conventional circuit at the control panel shunt excess energy to ground. Debouncing in software reduces this likelihood. Troubleshooting

142 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt ELR Color Chart Always confirm that the value of each ELR is correct as listed in the product documentation. 0= Black 1 = Brown 2 = Red 3 = Orange 4 = Yellow 5 = Green 6 = Blue 7 = Violet 8 = Gray 9 = White Tolerance indicated at other end of ELR: Gold = 5% Silver = 10% None = 20%

143 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt YELLOW = 4 MULTIPLIER = 2 (number of zeros) Example 4.7 K W VIOLET = 7 TOLERANCE = 5 %

144 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Alarm Verification Used to help prevent nuisance alarms. Conventional systems reset the alarmed zone and then enter a retard (wait) state for a specified period of time to allow smoke to escape from the sensing chamber. After the reset/retard period, the panel monitors the zone for a set time period (maximum 120 seconds). Reacquisition during this period is a verified alarm. Failure to reacquire alarm is considered an unverified alarm.

145 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Alarm Verification Reset TIME (seconds) Retard Reacquisition Period

146 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Alarm Verification Alarm signals received from any other zone during this verification period aborts the process and allows the control panel to immediately enter into an alarm state. Most modern control panels can distinguish between signal activation from a conventional two-wire smoke detector and a normally-open contact device. Non-verified devices automatically cause the system to enter alarm upon initial acquisition.

147 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Alarm Verification With Addressable Systems, the panel stops polling the Addressable Detector upon initial smoke report for a specified period of time. After the retard period, the panel repolls the Detector for the reacquisition period.

148 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt 1 11,11, Troubleshooting There are four causes of waterflow alarms: 1. Fire 2. Pipe rupture 3. Loss of air pressure in a dry pipe system 4. Surges (nuisance alarms)

149 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V ppt Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt Questions?