Separation Lab overview  Given a mixture of Sand, Salt, Poppy Seeds and Iron Filings, design and execute a separation method.  Write a proposed procedure to start.  When executing your procedure, record every action you take in the order you do them to create the real procedure that you used.  Separate, dry and weight each of the four substances.  Determine the percent composition of each of the four substances in the mixture.  Determine the percent recovery of matter from the mixture.

Separation strategies  Basic strategy is to separate out the iron first using a magnet, then use water to help separate the other three.  There are lots of ways to accomplish this. Your first proposed procedure should have a possible way to separate each of the four. Here are a few of approaches you may have used or yours may have been different.

 Although Labs may be performed in class with a partner and data will be shared each student is responsible for their own lab report. Students who submit a group lab report or lab reports that are almost identical will receive a zero. Typed Lab Reports are preferred, but handwritten are acceptable. Digital reports are insufficient.  Standard Lab and report format  Perform lab work in pairs  Share data with partner  Each student writes their own report  Hybrid typed-written is easiest. General Laboratory Report Format

1. Title  Title: Name the report. Something like “Chemistry Lab Report” is not specific enough.  Should include the word separation, but be more than just that word.

2. Introduction  Introduction (or Background): This should be written in the 3 rd person. This should be several sentences to introduce the lab and background information, ideas, formulas, or chemical equations important to the lab. Sometimes you may reorganize class notes into a short paragraph. It is not an abstract and it is not the purpose of the lab.  Use a subheading: Introduction  What concepts, or formulas should be included for this lab?  Describe each of the separation techniques you used. (Magnets, Filtering, Decanting…)  Describe the items to be separated and their important physical properties.

3. Purpose(s)  Purpose/Problem: State what the problem is that you are researching. What are you trying to accomplish or determine in this lab? (may be a statement(s) beginning with “To…” or a question(s))  Use a subheading  What is the purpose of this lab?  To separate a mixture of Salt, Sand, Poppy and Iron filings.

4. Hypothesis  Hypothesis: What is your prediction to the outcome of the lab? Your hypothesis should be should be a clear, and exact description of what should happen and why. It can be more than one sentence. It can be in a logical format like “if…then...” format.  Section not needed for this lab. SKIP THIS SECTION FOR THIS LAB

5. Procedure – KEY for this lab!!!  Procedure (written in 1 st person.)  A. First list materials, equipment, and size/amounts of everything used.  B. List the steps taken in complete sentences, past tense and first person. This part should be written clearly enough that anyone could duplicate your experiment. Do not write what I told you to do but what you did. Include the IV and DV if appropriate. Include how the DV was monitored. Were there controls? How was all relevant data recorded and how many trials did you perform?  Use subheadings  Include your first proposed procedure  Then list your ACTUAL procedure  Describe what YOU ACTUALLY DID!!  If you didn’t write it down at the time, you may recreate your procedure from memory, but DO NOT copy a procedure from someone else.  Should be different from your proposed procedure as you tried things and made modifications  Should include the specific kinds of equipment you used (eg. 250 mL beaker)

6. Data  Data—There may be two types  A. Qualitative- This will involve the 5 senses. You may use pictures or diagrams with an explanation of the images.  B. Quantitave —This is all the raw numerical data. It should be presented in a labeled table with units of measure and titles and reflect the proper number of significant digits.  Use a subheading  You should have plenty of qualitative observations for this lab, recording what things looked like after significant steps in the procedure.  The quantitative data you should have will be what you really put on a balance: Mixture + cup, Poppy + filter paper, Filter paper, or empty beaker  The actual Mass of the mixture, the mass of iron, the mass of salt etc.. ARE NOT DATA!!! They are the result of calculations (often a simple subtraction.)

7. Data Analysis / Results / Calculations  Data Analysis: This is where all the calculations will be correctly calculated and presented. It may be in the form of charts, graphs, tables etc. All graphs and charts should have a title, labels, appropriate data and units. All results should be explained here. What does the data mean? Are there patterns in the data? Identify this and describe it. If the lab has questions with it, they should be answered here.  Use a subheading  Determine the mass of the mixture.  Determine the mass of the separated sand, salt, iron and poppy.  Determine the total mass recovered.  Determine the percent recovery.  Determine the percent composition of each of the 4 substances.

8. Discussion  Discussion:(1 st person): In paragraph form, discuss your results. Evaluate the lab and your results. How do your results compare to the accepted or known value or findings? Did you think of further questions after completing this lab? What were the strengths and weaknesses in the set up and methods used? How would you improve the lab? Identify and critique procedural mistakes or sources of error (at least 2) that could affect the data.  Use a subheading  Answer all the questions here because they are about evaluating the results.  State at least two reasons why you didn’t get 100% recovery, or why you got greater than 100% recovery.  Discuss whether you got clean separations and how you know whether each sample was cleanly separated or not. 8. Discussion

9. Conclusion  Conclusion (1 st person): In paragraph form, conclude the lab. Be sure you refer back to the hypothesis and purpose of the lab.  Use a subheading  Were you able to separate the four substances?  Briefly describe the separation procedure you used to execute your separation.

General Format  Using subheadings, having all parts present and in the proper order  Being readable (typed/legible), using grammar and spelling and using “I” only when 1 st person voice is allowed.  Using proper sigfigs and units on all measurements and calculations