BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION 8-2.5

BRITISH Strongest navy and army in the world Native Americans allied with them More soldiers 1/3 of colonists were Loyalists Money for supplies and uniforms Red uniforms intimidated the Patriots Soldiers were not fighting for a cause 3000 miles from home Long supply lines Unfamiliar terrain Uniform is easy to target for guerrilla warfare

PATRIOTS Strong leadership Motivation Familiar with terrain Short supplies French alliance Worthless money Lack of supplies, weapons, etc Neighbor vs. neighbor fighting Untrained military No navy

MILITARY STRATEGIES Attrition Guerilla tactics: hit and run Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies (France) The Americans Break the colonies in half Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally. “Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists. The British

I. SARATOGA A.British want to split the colonies in half so they can’t get help from each other B.Americans win first big victory at Saratoga C.Convinces France to become our ally

II. THE CAPTURE OF CHARLESTON A.The American forced prevented the British from cutting the colonies in half at the Battle of Saratoga. A.Considered the turning point because Patriots began to win battles B.Convinced the French to help America and send supplies, troops, money and ships. B.The British turn their attention to South Carolina because it has the 2 nd most loyalists in the colonies.

II. THE CAPTURE OF CHARLESTON C.Battle of Fort Moultrie, The British were defeated 2.Fort Moultrie was made of palmetto tree logs which made the cannon balls bounce off

II. CAPTURE OF CHARLESTON D.Spring 1780: The British attacked Charleston by land and sea 1.They blockaded the harbor. How did this force a surrender in May of 1781? The Patriots could not get supplies like food or weapons. 2. The British thought the many Loyalists would help them, and those neutral would take their side.

II. CAPTURE OF CHARLESTON E.Many South Carolinians turned against the British because… 1.Burned churches 2.Looting confiscating homes 3.Exiling and harassing citizens 4.Patriots who had to surrender had to become British soldiers

III. PARTISAN BANDS A.The British don’t have enough jails to hold prisoners, so they parole them. 1.Parole = take an oath of allegiance to the King B.Later, the British decided that those who are paroled have to now fight for them. 1.This causes many Patriots to join partisan bands

III. PARTISAN BANDS C.Partisan Band/Militia: citizens who are not professional soldiers and fight to protect a particular area 1.During the Revolutionary War, they typically used guerrilla warfare 2.Focused on destroying British supply lines D.Notable South Carolinians: 1.Thomas Sumter = The Gamecock 2.Francis Marion = The Swamp Fox 3.Andrew Pickens = The Wizard Owl 4.William Harden

IV. BATTLE OF CAMDEN A.Patriot militia is unprepared so they run away from the British 1.Major defeat, leaves SC controlled by the British B.Nathaniel Greene gets command of the southern part of the Continental Army 1.Green wants to work with the partisan bands to fight a war of attrition 2.War of attrition: force the enemy to give up by wearing them down

BATTLE OF CAMDEN

V. BATTLE OF KINGS MOUNTAIN A.British Army in the Backcountry is stopped at Kings Mountain B.Partisan bands used guerrilla warfare (fighting behind rocks and trees) to win A.Tories tried to surrender but were offered no quarter. The Patriots killed all the British in retaliation. C.King’s Mountain is a turning point because the British begin to retreat from the Backcountry

KING’S MOUNTAIN

VI. BATTLE OF COWPENS A.Partisan Bands had the reputation of running away during a battle. 1.The Americans used this in their battle plan: i.Andrew Pickens led a “retreat” of militia ii.The British followed them iii.Pickens led the British into a waiting line of Continental soldiers B.Showed the cooperation of the militia and the regular army

VI. BATTLE OF COWPENS C.1 st time the British were soundly defeated 1.Cornwallis retreated into North Carolina 2.Abandoned posts in the Backcountry

VII. BATTLE OF EUTAW SPRINGS A.Background: 1.Colonel Isaac Hayne was paroled but then joined a partisan band 2.Hayne was recaptured by the British and was hanged as an example to other Patriots 3.Patriot General Greene promised to retaliate. After this battle, he had enough British officers as prisoners to prevent any other executions

VII. BATTLE OF EUTAW SPRINGS B.The Battle 1.The British retreated. The Continental Army followed them through their camp. 2.The Patriots stopped, and began looting the British camp for much needed supplies. 3.The British realized they weren’t being followed and came back to fight some more

VII. BATTLE OF EUTAW SPRINGS C.Who Won? 1. technically, not the Patriots because of plundering but the British lost irreplaceable troops 2.Last of the British left SC and the South 3.it is the last MAJOR battle in SC

VIII. END OF THE WAR A.Yorktown: last battle of the war 1.Cornwallis surrenders in Virginia B.America wins independence