PLAGARISM AND How to avoid it

1. Copying and pasting from the Internet can be done without citing the Internet page, because everything on the Internet is common knowledge and can be used without citation. True False 2. You don't have to use quotation marks when you quote an author as long as you cite the author's name at the end of the paragraph. True False 3. When you summarize a block of text from another work, citing the source at the end of your paper is sufficient. True False 4. If you quote your roommate in an interview, you don't have to cite him/her or use quotation marks. True False Library of the University of Southern Mississippi

5. You don't have to cite famous proverbs because they're common knowledge. True False 6. If you borrow someone's idea and use it in a paper, you don't have to cite it. True False 7. Using a few phrases from an article and mixing them in with your own words is not plagiarism. True False 8. Song lyrics don't have to be cited. True False 9. If you come across the phrase "era of error" and use it in your paper, you have to cite it. True False 10. The date for George Washington's birthday is common knowledge which means you don't have to cite the source in which you found it. True False Library of the University of Southern Mississippi

 What is Plagiarism?  What is an in-text Citation?  What is a reference list?  What does paraphrasing mean?

What is Plagiarism?  Derived from Latin plagairius meaning kidnapper; defined as  “the false assumption of authorship…  …the wrongful act of taking the product of another person’s mind and presenting it as one’s own”  (Lindey, 1952)

 Plagiarism constitutes two wrongs  Intellectual theft: using another person’s ideas, information or expressions without acknowledging their work  Fraud: passing off another person’s ideas or information to obtain a better grade   Consequences of Plagiarism  Shameful act, can also bring serious penalties, (from failure of assignment to expulsion) – consult student regulatory handbook  Damages teachers’ trust of quality of student research work

 Unintentional Plagiarism  Research offers opportunity to synthesise previous research with your own ideas – you should feel free to use others’ thoughts on the subject but you must give credit  Always keep carefully detailed notes  Adapted from Gibaldi (2004)  Self Plagiarism  Handing up the same work more than once  Using the same essay for two different modules  IE Final Year Project and Investigative Journalism Module

Paraphrasing  As Doyle describes, much financial reporting starts in the way reporting on any other beat is initiated. Journalists in their search for the first story of the day will sift through company reports, news diary events, press releases if they are desperate, and the other routine sources of financial information (2006: 437). But more valuable information will often emerge from their dealings with contacts and sources within the financial and political institutions that they have built up over their time as financial reporters. In this, they are as dependent on key information flows as correspondents working any other beat. There has been a formalisation of these relationships with the more frequent use by City institutions of ‘professional public relations consultants’, to initiate and structure relationships between financial analysts and journalists (Davis, 2002; Tambini, 2008)  Manning (2013 p. 180)

Paraphrase this: Manning, P. (2013) Financial journalism, news sources and the banking crisis Journalism 14(2)  Journalists accumulating a reputation for too many critical ‘hatchet jobs’ risk the danger of undermining the valuable informal relationships which circumnavigate the more formalised PR channels noted above. That is not to suggest that journalists will always avoid critical stories; they often make the best copy but there are mutually acknowledged restraints embedded within such exchange relationships. However, the non-appearance of more critical stories in the years before the 2008 crisis cannot be explained simply in terms of the normative framework that structures financial journalist and source relationships. The prospect of breaking a really big story about imminent financial melt down would probably have overridden these subtle social restraints. But the taken-for- granted and mutually shared understandings regulating relationships between financial sources and journalists provided no incentives for journalists to actively seek the material from their sources that might sustain a more critical approach. The information flows sustaining these exchange relationships were unlikely to produce the kind of information that would prompt journalists to anticipate anything more serious than the kind of market correction normally expected through the business cycle. (P. 183)

Citing Harvard: Alphabetical Reference List  Manning, P. (2013) Financial journalism, news sources and the banking crisis Journalism 14(2)  Surname, First Initial, Title of Journal article, Journal in Italics,  Mason, P. (2015) Postcapitalism, A guide to our future, Allen Lane, Milton Keynes  Book title in Italics  If a book chapter,  Roger, M. (2015) Writing Book Chapters in Books are great (Eds)Moriarty, M & Williams, F, Makeyupy Publishers, London

Cite it Right 