Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life Chapter 1

Fig. 1-1 What properties of life are demonstrated in this flower?

Fig. 1-4c List the 10 levels of biological organization. The biosphere

Fig. 1-5 identify and explain the two processes acting in this ecosystem. Sunlight Ecosystem Heat Cycling of chemical nutrients Producers (plants and other photosynthetic organisms) Chemical energy Consumers (such as animals)

Fig. 1-6a How does form fit function in a human hand? (a) Wings

1 µm Organelles Nucleus (contains DNA) Cytoplasm Membrane DNA (no nucleus) Membrane Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell Fig. 1-8 What are 3 differences between these two types of cells?

Fig What are the building blocks of DNA? What are the four types? Nucleus DNA Cell Nucleotide (a) DNA double helix(b) Single strand of DNA

Fig What does this image have to do with modeling microscopic systems? Outer membrane and cell surface Cytoplasm Nucleus

Fig. 1-13a What would happen if enzyme 2 were missing? Excess D blocks a step (a) Negative feedback Negative feedback D D D D C B A Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Enzyme 3 –

Fig. 1-13b Why is it called positive feedback rather than negative? Excess Z stimulates a step (b) Positive feedback Z Positive feedback Enzyme 4 Enzyme 5 Enzyme 6 Z Z Z Y X W +

Fig. 1-15a Describe the differences between the 3 domains. (a) DOMAIN BACTERIA

Fig How does this image support the theme of unity? Cilia of Paramecium Cross section of a cilium, as viewed with an electron microscope Cilia of windpipe cells 15 µm 5 µm 0.1 µm

Fig What are the two main points in The Origin of Species?

Fig Why do these orchids look so different but similar too?

Fig Why does the change in environment affect the ability of the birds to find prey? Population with varied inherited traits. Elimination of individuals with certain traits. Reproduction of survivors. Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success

Fig Why did the wing adaptation in bats suit their way of life?

Fig Why are evolutionary relationships like the one below represented using a tree? COMMON ANCESTOR Warbler finches Insect-eaters Seed-eater Bud-eater Insect-eatersTree finches Green warbler finch Certhidea olivacea Gray warbler finch Certhidea fusca Sharp-beaked ground finch Geospiza difficilis Vegetarian finch Platyspiza crassirostris Mangrove finch Cactospiza heliobates Woodpecker finch Cactospiza pallida Medium tree finch Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch Camarhynchus psittacula Small tree finch Camarhynchus parvulus Large cactus ground finch Geospiza conirostris Cactus ground finch Geospiza scandens Small ground finch Geospiza fuliginosa Medium ground finch Geospiza fortis Large ground finch Geospiza magnirostris Ground finches Seed-eaters Cactus-flower- eaters

Fig What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Fig. 1-24a What human tendency is mirrored in this example? Observations Question Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb

Fig. 1-24b Why were two tests run to determine why the flashlight doesn’t work? Test prediction Hypothesis #1: Dead batteries Hypothesis #2: Burnt-out bulb Test prediction Prediction: Replacing batteries will fix problem Prediction: Replacing bulb will fix problem Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis

Fig What experimental results would you predict if predators throughout the Carolinas avoid all snakes with brightly colored ring patterns? Artificial kingsnakes Brown artificial snakes 83% 84% 17% 16% Coral snakes absent Coral snakes present Percent of total attacks on artificial snakes RESULTS

Fig The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and releases oxygen in the rest of the body. From the model shown here, predict what would happen if there were a small hole between the two ventricles. From body From lungs Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle To lungsTo body

Fig Why are cartoon depictions of scientists inaccurate?

Fig What is the goal of science? Technology?