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S7L1 Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically. a. Demonstrate the process for the development of a dichotomous key. b. Classify organisms based on physical characteristics using a dichotomous key of the six kingdom system (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals).

“What is science?”

“What is Science?” A way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning (Scientific Method) Biological Science The study of life and its environments

Biological Science Earth Science Physical Science Branches of Science Science

Biological Science Earth Science Physical Science Branches of Science Science of living things Science Zoology Botany Ecology

Biological Science Earth Science Physical Science Branches of Science Science of matter and energy Science Chemistry Physics

Astronomy Meteorology Biological Science Earth Science Physical Science Branches of Science The systems of the earth Science Geology

Branches of Science There are many more branches to biological and earth sciences The three categories overlap Biochemistry Astrobiology Geophysics

Scientific Skills Observing - Using one of your five senses to gather information. Types of Observations –Qualitative Observations – using words to describe a situation. –Quantitative Observation – using numbers or measurements to describe the situation. Inferring – the process of interpreting information or data base on observations and prior knowledge. Predicting – making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence. Classifying – grouping together items that are alike in some way Making Models – involves creating representations of complex objects or processes.

Models A representation of some object or event Made to better understand concepts or ideas Often used if real thing is too big, small or complex. Come in a variety of forms Physical models Diagrams Computer models

The Scientific Method

Does not always work this way, but gives a way of guiding our thinking Hard part is testing only one variable at a time. Changing only one thing at a time If you change more than one, you don’t know which one is the cause

Measurement A number without a unit is meaningless It is 4 long 4 what? Scientists use the metric system or SI which is French for le System Internationale d’Units (English translation: International System of Units) Makes sharing data easier

Metric System Measurements have two parts Prefix and base unit Prefixes multiply or divide the base units by multiples of 10 Prefixes are the same for all units

Base Units QuantityUnitAbbreviation Lengthmeterm Massgramg VolumeLiterL TemperatureCelsiusC

Prefixes PrefixSymbolMeaningAs a number kilo-kthousand 1,000 hecto-hhundred100 deca- daten 10 deci-dtenth0.1 centi-chundredth0.01 milli-mthousandth0.001 micro-  millionth

Tables Organizing data into groups Putting those groups into rows and columns Gives us an easy way to compare data

Graphs Give a visual representation of data Summarizes data. Two types of variables Independent variable – the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. Dependent variable – the variable being tested in a scientific experiment. Three types of graphs line, bar, and circle

Circle Graphs Often called a pie chart divided into parts easy to compare to whole amount. Use several to show changes over time

Bar Graphs Bar Graphs- wide columns used things like weight, height, and length. Compare quantities

Line Graphs Line Graphs- compares sets of data, show change and patterns over time.

The Happy Scientist

Introduction To Life Science III. Understanding Technology A. What is Technology 1. Technology is how people change the world around them to meet their needs and solve practical problems. 2. The goal of technology is to improve the way people live. 3. Engineer – a person concerned with applying scientific knowledge to develop solutions for technical problems. B. Impact on Society 1. Technology can have both negative and positive consequences for individual people and for society as a whole. 2. Example: Pesticides

Introduction To Life Science IV. Safety in the Science Laboratory A. Safety During Investigations 1. Preparing for the Lab a. Read all procedures for understanding b. Ask teacher for clarification where needed 2. Performing the Lab a. Follow all directions exactly b. Observe all safety symbols 3. End-of-lab Procedures a. Clean work area b. Wash hands thoroughly 4. Safety in the Field a. Never work alone b. Be aware of hazards B. In Case of an Accident a. When any accident occurs, no matter how minor, always notify your teacher immediately. b. Know all emergency, safety, and first aid procedures.