TECHNOLOGY IN ACTION

Chapter 11 Behind the Scenes: Databases and Information Systems

Database Fundamentals Database Advantages Database Types Database Basics

Database Advantages Objectives 11.1 Explain what a database is and why we need them Discuss the benefits of using a database. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-4

Database Types Objectives 11.3 Describe features of relational databases Describe features of object-oriented databases Describe features of multidimensional databases. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-5

Database Basics Objectives 11.6 Describe how relational databases organize and define data Describe how data is inputted and managed in a database. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-6

Database Advantages The Need for Databases A database is a collection of related data, which can be: Stored Sorted Organized Queried Databases make data more meaningful and useful Databases turn data into information Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-7

Database Advantages The Need for Databases Databases can prevent the following problems that often occur with lists: Data redundancy Data inconsistency Inconsistent formatting Inappropriate data Incomplete data Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-8

Database Advantages Advantages of Using Databases Databases can manage large amounts of data efficiently Databases make information sharing possible Databases promote data integrity Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-9

Database Types Relational Databases Three major types of databases are: Relational Object-oriented Multidimensional Relational databases are the most commonly used Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-10

Database Types Relational Databases Relational databases Organizes data in table format Logically groups similar data into a relation Common field in one table linked to common field in second table Types of relationships One-to-many One-to-one Many-to-many Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-11

Database Types Object-Oriented Databases Store data in objects rather than tables Contain methods for processing or manipulating data Can store more types of data than relational databases Can access data faster Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-12

Database Types Multidimensional Databases Stored data can be analyzed from different perspectives (dimensions) Relational database has only two dimensions (fields and records) Multidimensional databases organize in cube format Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-13

Database Basics Database Components and Functions Storing and Defining Data Fields Records Tables Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-14

Database Building Blocks Database Components and Functions Using Primary Keys Primary key field Foreign key Referential integrity Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-15

Database Building Blocks Inputting and Managing Data Data validation ensures that only valid data is entered in a field Viewing and Sorting Data allows you to display and reorder data Extracting or Querying Data Use a filter Use a query Outputting Data Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-16

Database Warehousing and Storage Using Databases to Make Business Decisions How Businesses Use Databases

Database Warehousing and Storage Objectives 11.8 Explain what data warehouses and data marts are and how they are used Describe data mining and how it works. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-18

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Objectives Describe the main types of business information systems and how they are used by business managers Describe business intelligence systems and the types of technologies used to aid in data analysis. Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-19

Data Warehousing and Storage Data Warehouses and Data Marts Large-scale collection of data Contains and organizes data in one place Data comes from multiple databases Consolidates information from various systems Presents enterprise-wide view of operations Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-20

Data Warehousing and Storage Data Warehouses and Data Marts Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-21

Data Warehousing and Storage Data Mining Data mining Process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated Objective is to spot significant patterns and trends that would not be obvious Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-22

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Information Systems Software-based solutions to gather and analyze information Deliver up-to-the-minute data Integral because they store the functional information All perform similar functions Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-23

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Information Systems Information systems perform similar functions Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-24

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Information Systems Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-25

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Information Systems Batch processing Data is accumulated, then several transactions are processed at once Appropriate for activities that are not time-sensitive Often more efficient Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-26

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Intelligence Technologies Management information system (MIS) Provides timely and accurate information Enables managers to make critical decisions Directs outgrowth of TPS Powerful if organized and outputted in useful form Often included as a feature of TPS Can generate various reports Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-27

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Intelligence Technologies Management information system (MIS) reports Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-28

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Intelligence Technologies Decision support system (DSS) Another type of business intelligence system Designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems Uses information from databases and data warehouses Users can add their own insights and experiences to solution Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-29

Using Databases to Make Business Decisions Business Intelligence Technologies How DSS gets data Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.11-30

Questions ?

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