Artificial nose A case-study by Shirish Bharati BT11MEC073 Shivam Rathod BT11MEC074 Siddhant Goyal BT11MEC075 Sushant Somkuwar BT11MEC076 Measurement and Signal processing

Contents History of artificial nose Introduction of artificial nose Types of artificial nose Components of artificial nose Experimental setup Sensor Types of sensors Applications Advantages Future scope Conclusion

History of artificial nose The concept of artificial nose first appeared in a paper by Persuade and Dodd (1982). The artificial nose was developed on 19 th august 2008.

Artificial nose E-NOSE is a device that identifies the specific components of an odor & analyses its chemical makeup to identify it.

Components of artificial nose Sample Delivery system – It is essential to guarantee constant operating conditions. Detection systems - It consists of a sensor set and is the "reactive" part of the instrument. When in contact with volatile compounds, the sensors react. Commonly used sensors are metal oxide semiconductor (MOSFET), conducting polymers, quartz crystal micro balance, surface acoustic wave (SAW), etc. Computing system - The computing system works to combine the responses of all of the sensors, which represents the input for the data treatment.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Switching Box Mass Flow Controller Network Analyzer VOC in bubbler Nitrogen VOC PC Sensor Cell

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Network Analyzer

SENSOR

TYPES OF SENSORS A sensor is a device which can respond to some properties of the environment and transform the response into an electric signal

Exhibit a property of change when exposed to volatile compounds. CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS

PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSORS A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal, they are configured as mass-change sensing device.

A) QCM SENSOR: The QCM sensor consists of a resonating disk a few millimeters in diameter, with metal electrodes on each side connected to dead wise. The device resonate at a characteristic frequency (10MHz to 30MHz) when excited with an oscillating signal.

B) SAW Sensor: In SAW sensor a Surface wave travels over the surface of the device; not throughout its volume. SAW sensors operate at much higher frequencies, and so can generate a larger change in frequency.

MOSFET SENSORS MOSFET odour sensing device are based on the principle that VOCs in contact with a catalytic metal can produce a reaction in the metal and the reaction’s products can diffuse through the gate of the MOSFET to change the electrical properties of the device.

OPTICAL SENSOR

HUMAN OLFACTORY SYSTEM

ARTIFICIAL OLFACTORY SYSTEM Sensor Array QCM Odour Extraction Pattern Recognition Odour Information Computer

ANALOGY BETWEEN E-NOSE & BIOLOGICAL NOSE

E-NOSE INSTRUMENTATION

APPLICATIONS OF E-NOSE

Applications In quality control laboratories for at line quality control such as Conformity of raw materials, intermediate and final products Batch to batch consistency Detection of contamination, spoilage, adulteration Origin or vendor selection Monitoring of storage conditions In process and production departments Managing raw material variability Comparison with a reference product Measurement and comparison of the effects of manufacturing process on products Following-up cleaning in place process efficiency Scale-up monitoring Cleaning in place monitoring.

ADVANTAGES Helpful in identification of Quality classification of stored grain. Helpful in identification of Water and wastewater analysis. Helpful in identification of source and quality of coffee. Helpful in detection and diagnosis of pulmonary infections. Helpful in diagnosis of ulcers by breath tests. Helpful in identification of freshness of fish. Helpful in identification of process control of cheese, beer and bread.

DISADVANTAGE Cost of artificial nose Time delay of artificial nose.

Next generation products Miniaturized Badge/gasmask Wireless Distributed network sensors

Future scope Improved sensitivity for use with water quality. Improvement in the sensitivity of artificial nose for lower level of organism Improvement in the sensitivity of artificial nose for identification of infection. Development of sensor suitable for artificial nose use. For identification of volatile organic compounds in air, water and soil samples. It may also be used as a bomb detection method in airports. Through careful placement of several or more electronic noses and effective computer systems you could triangulate the location of bombs to within a few metres of their location in less than a few seconds. Nasal implants could warn of the presence of natural gas, for those who had anosmia or a weak sense of smell. The Brain Mapping Foundation used the electronic nose to detect brain cancer cells.

Conclusion Humans are not well suited for repetitive or boring tasks that are better left to machines. No wonder the artificial nose is sometimes referred to as a sniffer. The artificial nose has the interesting ability to address analytical problems that have been refractory to traditional analytical approaches. In my view the artificial nose is a very useful instrument now a days.

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