Jeremy Ávila Méndez #1 10th Mr. Sanchez

Biography of CHARLES DARWIN

What is the theoty of Charles Darwin? Summary atch?v=pQp2lFcDEbw

What was Charles Darwin's contribution to science? Some biologists in the times of Darwin, werw suggesting that life of Earth had also change over time. That change over time was called evolution. Darwin developed a scientific theory that explains how organism were growing over large periods of time through decent from common ancestors. What is evolution? (change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift).

Began Darwin's journey Darwin, was invited to sail on the HMS Beagle's five years voyage. Darwin planned to collected some species of plants and some parts of animals. This voyage was importat of the history of science because the Beagle trip led Darwin to grow in the science.

What three patterns of biodiversity did Darwin note? Darwin filled his notebook of some notes that he takes about characteristics and habitats that he saw in the travel. Darwin didn't want only to write, he want to describe in a scientific way. In his traveled he describe 3 different patterns of biodiversity: Species vary globaly, species vary locally, and species vary over time.

Species vary globaly Some habitats, Darwin finded in South America, Australia and Africa. Darwin noticed that different, yet ecologically similar, animal species inhabited separated, but ecologically similar, habitats around the world. I was asking some questions about, from were thosehabitas comes? I was asking, why weren't there rabbits in Australian habits that seemed ideal for them? Well, he was trying to understand what was the evolution of those animals or habitats and he was trying to answered in a scientific opinion.

Species Vary Locally Darwin noticed that different, yet related, animal species often occupied different habitats within a local area. Example: Galapagos Islands which are close together but have different ecological conditions which lead to very distinct giant tortoises. What I learned from the islands is that the tortoises shells varied from one island to another. I learned that in the islands theres some differet varieties of habitats.

Species vary over time What is a fossil? Fossils are preserved remains or traces of ancient organism. Darwin also collected some fossils in his traveled. Daarwin noticed that some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species. One of the fossils unearthed by Darwin was a giant animal that is called armadillo.

Darwins results of evolution Darwin sent some of his plants and animal speciments to experts. The results were so exact and find the evolution of those species. Darwin was stunned by the discoveries. He spent years researching and filling notebooks with ideas about species and evolution.

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What did Hulton and Lyell conclude about Earth's history? Many Europeans think that the Earth was only a few thousand years old. Hutton and Lyell concluded that Earth is extreamly old and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present. In 1785, Hutton presented his hypotheses about the geological change of Earth. Lyell, published the first volume of his great work, Principles of Geology, in James Hutton Charles Lyell

Hutton and Geological Change Hutton recognized the connections between a number of geological processes and geological features like: mountains, valleys and layers of rock. Hutton also proposed that forces beneath Earth's surface can push rock layers upwardtilting them in the process. Over lon periods, can form mountains. Because of this long periods, Hutton concluded that our planet must be more years than thousand. He introduced deep time (idea that our planet history stretches back over a period of time so long).

Lyell's Principles of Geology Lyell argued that laws of nature are constant over time and thatr scientists must explain past events of processes they can observe in the present. This way of thinking holds that geological processes we see today, must be the same as millon years ago. Lyell theories, relied on there being enough time in Earth's history. Darwin begun to read Lyell's book during the voyage and helped to apreciate the significance of an earthquake. Later, Darwin found fossils of marine animals in above the sea. Darwin realized that Lyell was right. If Earth can change over time, could life change too?

Lamarck's Evolutionary Hypotheses How did Lamarck propos that species evolve? Lamark suggested that organism could change during their lifetime by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies. He also suggested that individuals could pass these acquired traits on to their offspring, enabling species to change over time.

Lamarck's Ideas Lamark proposed that all organism have n inborn urge to become more complex and perfect. Traits altered by an individual organism duringits life are called acquired characteristics. During its lifetime could pass that traits on to its offspring is called inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Evaluating Lamarck's Hypotheses Today, the Lamarck's hypotheses were incorrect. Evolution does not mean that over time a species becomes "better" somehow, and evolution does not progress in a predetermined direction. Lamarck was among the first to explain evolution. Also Lamrck's explanation of evolution was wrong.

Population Growth In 1798, English economist Thomas Malthus noted that humans were being born faster than peolple dying. What was Malthus's view of population growth? Malthus reasoned that if the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn't be enough living space and food dor everyone. The forces that work against population growth, Mlathus suggested, include war, famine, and disease. Why was this realization so important? Darwin had become convinced that species evolved.

Artificial Selection How is inherited variation used in artificial selection? To find an explanation for change in nature, Darwin studied change produced by plant and animal breeders. Tose breeders knew that individual organism vary. The prosses in wich the selectively breeding would produce more trees with even bigger fruit and cows that gave even more milk; is called artificial selecttion. In artificial selection, nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful. Darwin put to the test by raising and breeding plants and fancy pigeon varieties. Before Darwin, scientists thought variations among individuals in nature were simply minor defects. Darwin's scientific explanation dor evolution was now formed.

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