Karyotypes. How karyotypes are made… sist_safety_mode=1&safe=active.

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Presentation transcript:

Karyotypes

How karyotypes are made… sist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Humans have 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs  1 st – 22 nd = autosomes  23 rd = sex chromosomes

Karyotype Karyotype = chart of paired chromosomes

Sex Determination  1 st – 22 nd = autosomes  23 rd = sex chromosomes (determine the sex) XX = femaleXY = male Female Male

Male or female? Female!

Male or female? Male!

What do karyotypes allow us to observe? 1.Gender or sex of the individual 2.Chromosomal disorders

How can you tell nondisjunction has occurred?

Chromosomal Disorders, caused by nondisjunction, are “read” using karyotypes

Chromosomal Disorders Chromosomal Disorders= diseases that result from an abnormality in chromosome number – Caused by NONDISJUNCTION (failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis)

Nondisjunction

Karyotypes allow us to see Chromosomal Disorders 3 Chromosomal Disorders: 1.Down Syndrome 2.Klinefelter Syndrome 3.Turner Syndrome

Down Syndrome AKA “Trisomy 21” 3 chromosomes of the 21 st pair Causes: mental and physical disability

Down Syndrome

Kleinfelter’s Syndrome Kleinfelter syndrome = trisomy 23 (sex chromosomes) Causes: small testicles, reduced fertility in males

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Turner Syndrome Missing X chromosome Causes: non working ovaries; male-like stature Females only

Turner Syndrome

What causes chromosomal disorders?