1. An Organized Picture of Your Chromosomes!!
Karyotypes
An Organized Picture of Your Chromosomes!!

2. Creating a Karyotype
During cell division (metaphase), stain the chromosomes and then take a picture.
Magnify the picture to make the chromosomes larger.
Cut out and place in order pair 1-23 from largest to smallest.

3. How to determine the sex of the individual.
Human Karyotype has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Pair 23 is the sex chromosomes –
If the 23rd pair looks identical it is XX, if they look different it is XY.
No matter how many chromosomes you see, if there is a shorter chromosome in pr 23 it is male.

4. Human Karyotype 1 – 22 Autosomal Chromosomes Pair 23 – Sex Chromosomes
Male – XY
Female - XX
Absence of Presence of the Y chromosome determines the sex of the individual

5. Female
Notice the Y spot is there but there is nothing in it.

6. Male
No matter the number of X chromosomes, the presence of a Y makes it a male

7. What is the point?
Use this picture to diagnose chromosomal disorders such as Down Syndrome – Trisomy 21
Turner’s Syndrome – X
Klinefelter’s Syndrome – XXY
How do chromosomal disorders happen?
Nondisjunction – “Not coming apart”
When this happens abnormal numbers of chromosomes may find their way into gametes.

8. Karyotypes Show Chromosomal Mutations
Deletion – Loss of all or part of chromosome
Duplication – Extra portion of chromosome
Inversion – Chromosome is oriented in the reverse direction
Translocation – Part of a chromosome attaches to another nonhomologous chromosome

9. Deletion Karyotype

10. Duplication Karyotype

11. Translocation Karyotype

12. http://www. biology. arizona