Damage Control Systems & Equipment

Learning Objectives You, the student, will: Know the typical shipboard damage control organization and the responsibilities of key personnel assigned Know the various material conditions of readiness Know how shipboard watertight integrity is obtained through installed features to increase material conditions of readiness

Learning Objectives You, the student, will: Know the importance of preventative damage control Know the four classes of fire and the fire fighting agents, equipment and procedures to extinguish each class

Damage Control 10 Commandments of Damage Control: 1.Keep your ship water tight 2.Do not violate material condition 3.Have confidence in your ship's ability to withstand damage 4.Know your way around - even in the dark 5.Know how to use and maintain damage control equipment

Damage Control 10 Commandments of Damage Control: 6.Report damage to nearest damage control repair station 7.Keep personal articles properly secured 8.Practice personal damage control; protect yourself so you can protect your ship 9.Take every possible step to save the ship as long as a bit of hope remains 10.Keep cool, don't give up the ship

Damage Control Ships at sea are isolated from shore help, and usually help from other ships The crew must be capable of handling any damage the ship may encounter 90% of the damage control needed to save a ship takes place before any damage occurs

Damage Control Damage control is an all hands effort Everyone on a ship must be general damage control qualified and train regularly

Damage Control Damage control is a 3-phase evolution: Prevent the damage Minimize the effects of damage Restore the ship to an effective fighting unit

Damage Control Effective damage control requires: Education Training Organization Maintenance of equipment

Damage Control Damage Control Organization: Commanding Officer - Combat Information Center or bridge Chief Engineer - Main Control Damage Control Assistant - Damage Control Central Locker Officers - Repair Lockers On-Scene Leader - Scene of damage Hose teams - Scene of damage

Damage Control Damage Control Central (DCC): The DCA controls the repair parties from DCC. The collection point for all information regarding damage control efforts throughout the ship

Damage Control Repair Lockers: The larger the ship, the greater the number of repair parties CVN - 10 repair lockers DDG/CG - 3 repair lockers -Repair 2 - Forward repair -Repair 5 - Propulsion repair (amidships) -Repair 3 - Aft repair

Damage Control Compartmentation Navy ships are extensively compartmented This compartmentation acts as a barrier to fires and flooding and prevents further damage Navy ships are built to withstand the solid flooding of a certain number of compartments without sinking This passive defense is surrendered if watertight integrity is not maintained through training and repair

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Specific classifications explain which doors, hatches and fittings are permitted to be open (the ship’s level of watertight integrity and protection in chemical, biological and radioactive environments) Checked twice daily, in-port and at sea

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness X-ray (X): Provides the least protection and is set when there is no danger of attack or damage. All fittings with a black “X” shall be closed

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Yoke (Y): Set and maintained at sea and in-port during wartime or outside normal working hours. All fittings marked with a black “Y” shall be closed in addition to all “X” fittings

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Zebra (Z): Set during general quarters; provides the maximum protection for the ship and personnel in battle and emergency situations. All fittings marked with a red “Z” shall be closed, in addition to those marked with an “X” and “Y”

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness William (W): Sea suction valves and fittings that serve vital systems’ cooling water and other fittings and equipment necessary for fire protection and mobility. They are closed only to prevent further damage

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Circle X and Circle Y: Signifies which hatch, fitting, etc… may be opened without special permission, but must be secured immediately after use

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Circle Z: May be opened with permission of the CO during general quarters for the comfort of the crew. Guarded when opened for immediate closure, if necessary

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Circle W: Signifies ventilation fittings that are normally open and operating, but may have to be closed to prevent contamination from CBR attack or smoke. When closed, the habitability of the ship decreases rapidly. Should be closed for only very short periods

Damage Control Material Conditions of Readiness Dog Z: Fittings marked with a red “Z” inside a black “D” are closed to darken the ship; (most accesses to the weather decks are equipped with light traps or door switches, portholes have covers)

Damage Control It is the responsibility of all hands to maintain the material condition of the ship If it is necessary to break the condition, permission must be obtained (from the OOD or the DCA) A DC closure log is maintained in DCC at all times (any fitting that must be kept open for more than 24 hours must be logged)

Damage Control Fire is a constant threat aboard a ship, and all measures must be taken to prevent it Fires may start from spontaneous combustion, carelessness, collision, enemy fire, or many other causes If a fire is not controlled quickly, it could mean loss of the ship

Damage Control Fire Tetrahedron

Damage Control Four classes of fire: Class Alpha Class Bravo Class Charlie Class Delta

Damage Control Class (A) Alpha: Involve solid substances; wood, cloth, paper, etc… Usually characterized by white smoke Water is the primary extinguishing agent for a Class A fire -Firemain, or sprinkler system -Fog and solid stream

Damage Control Class (B) Bravo: Involve flammable liquids; fuel, oil, paint, etc… Usually characterized by heavy black smoke Multiple extinguishing agents for a Class B fire -CO 2 for small fires -Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) -Aqueous Potassium Carbonate (APC) -Potassium Bicarbonate (PKP) -HALON 1301

Damage Control Class (C) Charlie: Involve electricity and electronic equipment Usually characterized by bluish smoke, arcing, sparking, and a distinct smell Before using an extinguishing agent, you must secure power (de-energize) to the equipment There are two extinguishing agents for a Class C fire -CO 2 is the preferred method -PKP is an alternative, but it is corrosive

Damage Control Class (D) Delta: Involve combustible metals; magnesium, sodium, titanium, etc… Usually characterized by very bright, white light There is no effective extinguishing agent for a Class D fire -Jettison overboard -Fog from extreme range and upwind -Sand

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Installed Systems: Firemain Sprinkling system AFFF HALON 1301 CO 2 APC

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Portable CO 2 Extinguisher: 15 lbs Effective range is feet Approximately 40 seconds of use

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Portable PKP Extinguisher: 18 & 27 lbs Effective range: -19 feet for 18 lb cylinder -21 feet for 27 lb cylinder Approximately 11 seconds of use

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Portable AFFF Extinguisher: 2.5 gallons of pre-mixed solution -Produces 16 gallons of AFFF Effective range is 15 feet Approximately 60 seconds of use

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA): 30 & 45 minute bottles Positive pressure system Refilling stations onboard

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Fans and Blowers: Ram Fan Box Fan

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment Dewatering Equipment: Eductors -Installed eductors -Portable eductors P-100 pump Electric submersible pump

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment

Damage Control Firefighting Equipment

Damage Control Damage Repair Repairing structural damage: Shoring Patching Plugging

Damage Control Damage Repair

Damage Control Damage Repair

Damage Control Damage Repair

USS FORRESTAL

USS BELKNAP

USS STARK

USS SAMUEL B. ROBERTS

USS PRINCETON

USS TRIPOLI

USS COLE

USS GEORGE WASHINGTON

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