- Public Goods and Services

* Most of the federal government’s public assistance programs date from the Great Depression. * In the 1930’s Americans suffered great hardships and turned to the federal government for help. * President ____________________ and Congress passed dozens of laws that began what critics called “the welfare state.” Did you know

The Impact of the Depression  As the Depression deepened, private charities and state and local governments could not cope with the problems of the _____  The _____ _________ included the Social Security Act of 1935.

Do federal and local governments have a responsibility to care for people who need help? Explain

Social Insurance Programs  Social Security  Medicare  Unemployment insurance

Social Security  The Social Security Act provides for __________, _____________ and _______________  ___________ taxes on employers and employees finance the Social Security system.  Beginning in 1981 a financial crisis threatened the Social Security system because cash _____________exceeded income.  In order to keep Social Security going, the government is _____________ the retirement age from 65 to 67 by the year 2027 and is taxing the benefits. Some other small changes have been made as well.

Medicare  In 1965 Congress added Medicare to the Social Security program, which pays a major share of hospital bills for ________ __________, to the Social Security system.  This will provide health insurance for persons _____and older.  In 2003 Medicare was reformed to include ___________ drug coverage.

Unemployment Insurance  The 1935 Social Security Act also set up unemployment insurance programs for people who are out of ________.  Under these programs, the __________and _______ governments are to provide the needed help. U.S. Department of Labor Employment & Training Administration

What kinds of changes in the Social Security system do you support or oppose? Explain

 Supplemental Security Income  Food Stamps  Medicaid  Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)  Temporary Cash Assistance

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)  Set up by Congress in 1974, Supplemental Security Income brought together under federal control all state programs for the _______, the_______, and the ________.  The federal government makes a monthly payment to anyone who is _____or older, who is blind or disabled, or who has little or no regular ____________.

Food stamps  President _____________started the food stamp program by executive order in  _____________created a food stamp system by law in  The purpose of the food stamp program was to increase the food-buying power of _______- ________families and help dispose of America’s surplus agricultural production.  By 2002 more than 19 million Americans received food stamps at a cost to the government of over $______________

Medicaid  Congress established the Medicaid program in 1965 as part of the Social Security system.  Medicaid is designed to help pay __________, ________, and other medical ________ for persons with low incomes.  General federal, state, and local taxes fund this program that aids more than 35 million people at a cost of over $______________ each year.

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)  Designed during the _______________.  It helped families in which the main wage earner ______, was _________, or ______ the family.  A family with dependent children was eligible for AFDC assistance if its income was too _____ according to criteria set by the state.  In July 1996 Congress and the president agreed on an overhaul of welfare. AFDC was replaced with lump-sum payments to the ________, who could design and operate their own welfare programs.

Temporary Cash Assistance (TCA)  TCA is Temporary Cash Assistance. Families with ________ children can receive TCA for a total of 60 months (5 years) over a lifetime.  The program has a requirement for all applicants to seek ___________ and be involved in work activities from the day they apply for benefits.  This program assists families with children under age _____ or _____ who live in the home.  The amount of TCA depends on your ___________ before taxes and the ___________ of children in your family.

What do you think should be the goals for federal programs in the field of public education?

Public Education  Public education remains a _______ responsibility under state guidelines.  While public education remains under local control, the __________ government plays an ever-increasing role, providing aid to local schools in several forms.

Did you Know  The first version of the federal government regulating public schools was the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act –the first version of _______________________ was part of a sweeping legislative program—the _______ _________ program  —proposed by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

 In 1991 President George H. W. Bush unveiled a ________ program that allowed student to attend any school—even private and parochial schools—at the states expense.  In 1994 Congress passed the Goals 2000: _________________________. The government adopted eight educational goals, such as improving graduation rates.  The goals reflected President Clinton’s preference to develop public schools by setting ______________ for performance. (SOLs!!!)

 President George W. Bush’s platform in 2000 election centered on ____________ reform.  His signature education proposal was the ______ ________________________(NCLB), signed in  This legislation provides federal money to state educational programs across the nation, but only if the state demonstrates steady ______________  Bush’s administration has focused its education reform on testing and increasing student and teacher __________________

 What is controversial about the federal government’s policy of providing general federal aid to public schools  Should the federal government provide funding to all schools? Or just public schools?

Housing and Urban Programs  The federal government began providing _______ for homes and farms during the Great Depression.  The federal government has developed several programs to promote ______________ and ____________ houses.  The best known program is the ____________ ____________ _________________ (FHA)

The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)  HUD is in charge of the Federal Housing Administration, which helps ____-_______ families purchase homes.  HUD also offers _____ assistance to low- income families.