Chapter 20 Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War

John F. Kennedy Wins Election of 1960 What happened in the late 1950s that made some Americans believe they were losing the Cold War? First televised debate between presidential candidates Concerns about JFK’s lack of experience “That night image replaced the printed word as the natural language of politics.”

JFK and Civil Rights JFK helps in persuading judge to release Martin Luther King Jr. from jail for participation in a sit-in in Atlanta, Georgia

A New Military Policy Flexible response – increase defense spending for conventional military forces (troops, ships, artillery, Special Forces) and triple nuclear power

Cuba  Castro overthrows dictator Fulgencio Batista  Castro seizes American oil refineries and sugar plantations  U.S. ends diplomatic relations with Cuba after revolutionary leader Fidel Castro declares himself a communist and takes aid from the Soviet Union

The Bay of Pigs  Pres. Eisenhower (1960) gives CIA permission to train Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba  JFK approves it and on April 17, 1961 the invasion fails  U.S. loses prestige  JFK agrees to $53 million in food and supplies for release of commandos

Cuban Missile Crisis  Soviets send nuclear missiles into Cuba (1962)  American planes discover missile bases in Cuba  Soviet ships travel towards Cuba  100,000 American troops are stationed in Florida  Real threat of a nuclear war for 6 days  Khrushchev agrees to back down if the U.S. agrees not to invade Cuba

Journal What action or event do you think is a good example of how the United States has progressed economically, socially, scientifically, etc.? Why?

Section 2: THE NEW FRONITER

THE PROMISE OF PROGRESS Americans should be “new pioneers” and explore “uncharted areas of science and space” – JFK Congress supported his bill for national defense space program and to boost the economy but not medical care

THE ECONOMY Unemployment = 6% JFK wants deficit spending – economic growth will occur if the govt. spends more and lowers taxes Dep. of Defense receives 20% increase (nuclear missiles and submarines)

ADDRESSING POVERTY ABROAD JFK creates the Peace Corps – a program of volunteer assistance to the developing nations of Asia, Africa, L. America Agricultural advisors, teachers, health aide Alliance for Progress – billions of dollars invested into L. America to make sure they did not become influenced by Castro

RACE TO THE MOON April 12, 1961 – A Soviet becomes the first human in space NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) sends Americans to the moon in 1969 New industries and technologies are created

Domestic problems 1962 – Harrington’s The Other America – 50 million poor Americans Civil rights demonstrations in the South 1963 – JFK issues a civil rights bill (blocked by Congress) and orders Justice Dep. to investigate racial issues in the South WHAT IS THE MESSAGE OF THIS POLITICAL CARTOON?

Tragedy in Dallas Nov. 22, 1963 – JFK is assassinated Lee Harvey Oswald is charged with murder Jack Ruby, a night club owner, kills Oswald as he is moved between jails 1963 Warren Commission concludes Oswald acted on his own

Questions 1. How did the Kennedy administration battle the recession? What were some examples of this strategy? 2. What was the difference between the Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress? 3. What impact did the growth of the nation’s space program have on American society? 4. What difficulties did Kennedy face in his dealings with Congress? 5. For what reason did President Kennedy travel to Dallas, Texas on Nov. 22, 1963? 6. What did the Warren Commission determine about the assignation of President Kennedy?

Section 3: The Great Society Video clip 1. Why did Kennedy chose Johnson as his running mate? 2. What were LBJ’s strengths as a politician? What could he do better than JFK? 3. What type of programs do you think he will support? OCIETY OCIETY

Section 3: The Great Society Lyndon Baines Johnson becomes president after death of JFK LBJ’s domestic policy = The Great Society = a series of federal laws aimed at ending poverty and racial injustice Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) - $1 billion of federal aid for textbooks and library materials Medicare = low cost medical insurance for Americans 65 and older Medicaid = welfare recipients receive health insurance Immigration Act of 1965 = ends quotas on non-Western European immigrants Consumer protection = standards for labeling goods

“Great Society Speech” 1. What type of document is this and who is the audience? 2. What is the message of this document? 3. What sorts of government documents do you think Pres. Johnson would support based on this document?

Great Society Programs 1. Which of these programs have you heard of? 2. Which programs do you think have been successful? How would you measure whether these programs were successful? 3. How is the Great Society like the New Deal? How is different?