Bridge Structural Health Monitoring System for Suramadu Bridge CONSORTIUM OF CHINESE CONTRATORS July 2006

Content Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system 1 What is structural health monitoring system? 2 Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner? 3 SHMS and bridge inspection 4 SHMS and original “structural fingerprint” test 5 Applications of SHMS

Part two: the SHMS for Suramadu Bridge 1 Sensor system 2 Data acquisition and transmission system 3 Data processing and control system 4 Structural health evaluation system Part three: our research and project experience 1 Research and project experience 2 Cooperation between our organization and universities Content

Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system 1 What is structural health monitoring system? 2 Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner? 4 SHMS and original “structural fingerprint” test 5 Applications of SHMS 3 SHMS and periodic bridge inspection

What is structural health monitoring system? Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Structural health monitoring including the following components: (1) Sensor system(SS) (2) Data acquisition and transmission system(DATS) (3) Data processing and control system(DPCS) (4) Structural health evaluation system(SHES)

Part one: Introduction of SHMS Bridge Site Monitoring Center

Input of Structural Health Monitoring System Measurement Instrumentation System Numerical Simulation Models & Tools Statistical Analytical Models & Tools Bridge Design Records Bridge Construction Records Bridge Rating System

Output of Structural Health Monitoring System Damage Diagnosis Damage Prognosis Extreme Event & Trend Analysis Real-Time Bridge Performance & Historical Records Support to Bridge Design & Retrofit Operational Supports

Part one: Introduction of SHMS (1) Sensor system(SS) Sensors Monitoring Load Resources: anemometer, temperature sensor, weight-in-motion (WIM), seismic sensor et al. Sensors Monitoring Structural Responses: accelerometer, strain gauge, Global Position System (GPS), displacement transducer, inclinometer, et al Other kinds of Sensors: corrosion cells, digital video camera, et al

Anemometers To measure wind speeds in 3 directions To provide information in cross-relations of wind speeds, directions and angles of incidence across the bridges Part one: Introduction of SHMS Some examples of sensors used in SHMS

Anemometer Mechanical Propeller Type Tri-axial Ultrasonic Type Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Temperature Sensors To measure temperature gradients inside structural steel sections, main cables, structural concrete sections and asphalt pavement sections. To measure air temperature as references. Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Weight - in - Sensors To measure traffic flow and traffic ( axle ) loads Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Seismic Monitoring Sensor Monitoring ground acceleration history during a earthquake Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Accelerometers To measure accelerations for the determination of dynamic characteristics, such as frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios etc. To detect variation in acceleration for damage detection. To obtain information for seismic response assessment. Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Accelerometers Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Strain Gauges To measure peak stresses. To measure the influence surfaces Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Rosette Orthogonal Direction Single Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Single Strain Gauge Single Strain Gauge Layout Part one: Introduction of SHMS

CH  West Pair Strain Gauge at Top Chord Pair Strain Gauge at Diagonal Chord Pair Strain Gauge at Bottom Chord Location of Pair Strain Gauge at Longitudinal Truss Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Displacement Transducers To measure longitudinal and transverse displacements of the bridge deck. To provide assurance of the adequacy of predicted movements. Part one: Introduction of SHMS

G P S To measure the real time displacements of the bridge deck and tower tops. Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Antenna of Base Reference Station GPS Receivers 5U Cabinet Port A (Ref. Broadcast) CRS1500-M Antenna Port B (NMEA Data) Port C (Remote Control) Station) TC-1885 Fiber Panel CRS1500-A TC-1885 Power Terminal Port D (Spare) Port B (NMEA Data) Port C (Remote Control) Port D (Spare) Power Terminal Port A (Spare) Part one: Introduction of SHMS

GPS Receiver Port D (Spare) Power Local Terminal To Antenna Port C (Data Out) Port B (Ref. Data In) Port A (Remote Control) Fiber Panel CSR1500 Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Digital Video Camera

Part one: Introduction of SHMS (2) Data Acquisition and Transmission System (SS) For Sensors with electronic output signal, acquisition device designed specially is used

Part one: Introduction of SHMS For optical sensors optical sensing interrogator is used

Part one: Introduction of SHMS

(3) Data Processing and Control System (DPCS) (4) Structural Health Evaluation System (SHES) The DPCS and SHES are located in the morning room, and they are the “brain” of a SHMS.

Part one: Introduction of SHMS Some example of data processing

Screen Display of Instantaneous Displacement

Screen Display of Time Series Displacement

Graphical Display of Real-Time GPS Monitoring Data

Y-direction wind velocity change （ time :00~24:00 ） Y-direction bridge displacement （ time :00~24:00 ）

A bridge’s Displacement Spectra at L/8 during a Typhoon

Statistical types of truck on an interstate highway in China

Axel Group Weight

Statistical distribution of axel-group weights

Plot of probabilistic distribution

Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system 1 What is structural health monitoring system? 2 Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner? 4 SHMS and original “structural fingerprint” test 5 Applications of SHMS 3 SHMS and bridge inspection

Monitoring the loads and the structural responds in real time to verify whether they exceed the limitations determined by design To identify whether abnormal changes occur to the loads or to the bridge and to and if adverse changes happen alarm in time To improve the assessments of structural integrity, durability and to provide “precise information” for bridge’s repair management To help to mange the traffic and maintenance strategy Part one: Introduction of SHMS Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner?

Part one: Introduction of SHMS Deflection Limitation

Part one: Introduction of SHMS SHMS can provide “precise information” for deciding when to repair the bridge

Part one: Introduction of SHMS

Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system 1 What is structural health monitoring system? 2 Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner? 4 SHMS and original “structural fingerprint” test 5 Applications of SHMS 3 SHMS and bridge inspection

Part one: Introduction of SHMS SHMS can find the damage’s occurrence and locate it Bridge inspection is needed to determine the damage’s type and severity

Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system 1 What is structural health monitoring system? 2 Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner? 4 SHMS and original “structural fingerprint” test 5 Applications of SHMS 3 SHMS and bridge inspection

Part one: Introduction of SHMS Damaged Modal Original Modal Damage Identification Method

Part one: introduction of structural health monitoring system 1 What is structural health monitoring system? 2 Why is SHMS important to the bridge’s owner? 4 SHMS and original “structural fingerprint” test 5 Applications of SHMS 3 SHMS and bridge inspection

Some Application Examples of Bridge Health Monitoring System

Anemometer Accelerometer Temperature Sensor Strain Gauge GPS Rover Station Displacement Transducer Level Sensing Station Data Acquisition Outstation Tsing Ma Bridge Hong Kong, China

Anemometer Accelerometer Temperature Sensor Strain Gauge GPS Rover Station Displacement Transducer Level Sensing Station Data Acquisition Outstation Ma Wan Tower Lantau Tower Kap Shui Mun Bridge Hong Kong, China

Anemometer Accelerometer Temperature Sensor Strain Gauge GPS Rover Station Displacement Transducer Data Acquisition Outstation Ting Kau Bridge Hong Kong, China

Shenzhen Western Corridor Cable Stayed Bridge (Hong Kong Side) Anemometer Accelerometer Temperature Sensor Strain Gauge Displacement Transducer Barometer, Rain Gauge, Hygrometer Corrosion Sensor Digital Video Camera Data Acquisition Outstation

East Tower West Tower 1E1E 2E2E 3E3E 4E4E 1W1W 2W2W 3W3W 4W4W WIM Anemometer Accelerometer & Seismometer Temperature Sensor Strain Gauge GPS Rover Station Displacement Transducer Barometer, Rain Gauge, Hygrometer Corrosion Sensor Digital Video Camera Weigh-In-Motion System WIM Stonecutters Bridge Hong Kong China

Runyang Bridge China

Sutong Bridge China

Xihoumen Bridge China

Part two: the SHMS for Suramadu Bridge 1 Sensor system 2 Data acquisition and transmission system 4 Structural health evaluation system 3 Data processing and control system

Sensors Selection Monitoring Load: anemometer, temperature sensors, weight-in-motion sensor, seismic monitoring sensors Monitoring Structural Response: accelerometer, strain gauge, GPS, displacement transducer, corrosion cell Digital Video Camera System Part Two: the SHMS for Suramadu Bridge 1 Sensor system

Part Two: the SHMS for Suramadu Bridge Sensors of Suramadu Bridge’s SHMS

Part Two: the SHMS for Suramadu Bridge 2 Data acquisition and transmission system

Part Two: the SHMS for Suramadu Bridge 4 Structural health evaluation system 3 Data processing and control system

Flowchart for bridge evaluation

Part Tree: introduction of our works

projects Design of Siduhe Bridge’s (main span 900m)SHMS Part Three: Introduction of our work

Design of Tieluoping Bridge’s SHMS Main span 322m Part Three: Introduction of our work

Design of Zhijinghe Bridge’s SHMS Main span 430m Part Three: Introduction of our work

Design of Longtanhe Bridge’s SHMS Part Three: Introduction of our work

Research Work Research on Bridge Health Monitoring (including damage identification, Modal analysis, optimum layout of sensors, and evaluation of bridge load capability) Funded by Ministry of Communication of China Part Three: Introduction of our work

Deep cooperation with Tsinghua University, the most famous university in china

End