 SUN ANDROMEDA ANTLIA APUS AQUARIUS ASTRONOMY WENZEL KENN SANCHEZ PHYSC 353

SUN The sun is a normal G2 star, one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy. Diameter: 1,390,000 km (Earth 12,742 km or nearly 100 times smaller) Mass: x 10^30 kg (333,000 times Earth's mass )

Temperature: 5800 K (surface) 15,600,000 K (core) The sun contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter contains most of the rest). Chemical Composition: Hydrogen 92.1% Helium 7.8% Rest of the other 90 naturally occurring elements: 0.1%

 Solar Eclipse – happens when the moon is new and covers the bright disk of the sun. Annular Eclipse – takes place when the moon covers only the central part of the solar disk. Lunar Eclipse – takes place when the earth casts a shadow in space.

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SOLAR ECLIPSE

ANNULAR ECLIPSE

LUNAR ECLIPSE

-- Penumbra – the lighter outer part of the shadow * About 2-3 per year * Last up to 4 hours

Constellations ConstellationsConstellations group of stars that form a pattern in the sky The shapes you see all depend on your point of view. Stars in a constellation are NOT close to each other, but when viewed from Earth they seem to be grouped together

THE CHAINED PRINCESS

ANDROMEDA  One of the famous Constellations.  Depicts the Princess in Greek myth who was chained to a rock as a sacrifice to a sea monster but was saved by the hero Perseus.  Contains the nearest major galaxy, M31 and the Andromeda Galaxy

Gamma ( γ ) Andromeda - One of the most attractive double stars in the sky. M31 (The Andromeda Galaxy) – A spiral galaxy, similar to the Milky Way but larger. Lying about 2.4 million light-years away. M31 is the largest galaxy in the Local Group. NGC 752 – an open cluster, consisting of faint stars spread over an area of sky wider than the full moon. It lies about 1,300 light-years away. NGC 7662 – a planetary nebula, about 4,000 light- years away. It is like a blue-green star of 9 th magnitude:

A N T L I A THE AIR PUMP

ANTLIA ANTLIA is a faint constellation. It was invented in the 18 th century by the French Nicolas Louis Lacaille and represents a mechanical air pump. Zeta (ζ) Antlia – a multiple star that appears as wide 6 th -magnitude double. All three stars lie 370 light-years away.

THE BIRD OF PARADISE

APUS APUS – lies near the south celestial pole, to the south of Centaurus. It is one of the constellations invented at the end of the 16 th century by the Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, and represents a New Guinea bird of paradise. Delta Apodis – a wide double star, easily divided with binoculars. They are both red giants but are estimated to lie at different distances from us, 760 and 660 light-years respectively, so they probably form an optical double rather genuine binary.

THE WATER CARRIER

AQUARIUS This well-known constellation represents a youth pouring water from a jar. The “WATER-JAR” is represented by a Y-shaped group of four stars, Gamma, Zeta, Eta, and Pi Aquarii. Piscis Austrinus The steam of water flows into the mouth of a large fish, represented by the constellation of Piscis Austrinus to the south.

Aquarius is a constellation of the zodiac, the Sun passing through it through it from February 16 to March 11.

Zeta Aquarii – a close binary, consisting of two white, 4 th -magnitude stars that orbit each other every 760 years. M2 – a globular cluster, it resembles a fuzzy star. NGC 7009 (The Saturn Nebula) – a planetary nebula. It appears to have appendages that resemble the rings of Saturn. NGC 7293 (The Helix Nebula) – possibly the closest planetary nebula to Earth (only about 300 light-years away), and one of the largest in apparent size, at over a third the diameter of the full moon.

THANKS FOR YOUR COOPERATION THANKS FOR YOUR COOPERATION PHYSC 353 WENZEL KENN M. SANCHEZ