3.2.8 Classification L.O: to define a species and describe how they are named to state the principles of classification In each picture below, are the species the same? Different?

Species Observable similarities (similar genes, patterns of development, occupy same ecological niche) Capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring (belong to the same gene pool) A group of organisms with similar features that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring, and that are reproductively isolated from other species.

When animals don’t care! Horse + donkey (+ love) = mule Look at animal hybrid pictures

Hybrids – What were they thinking? Or the ‘how to name a really silly looking animal badly’ game

Guess the hybrid… Zonkey or Zeedonk Zebra and Donkey In South Africa they are called zonkeys and are fairly common where zebras and donkeys are found in proximity to each other. Like mules, however, they cannot usually breed, due to an odd number of chromosomes disrupting meiosis.

Guess the hybrid… Tigon Lion and Tiger A Liger looks like a giant lion with diffused stripes. Some male ligers grow sparse manes. Like tigers, but unlike lions, ligers enjoy swimming.

Guess the hybrid… Zorse Zebra and Horse The zorse is shaped more like a horse than a zebra, but has boldly striped legs and, often, stripes on the body or neck. Like most other interspecies hybrids, it is infertile.

Guess the hybrid… Wholphin Whale and Dolphin A wolphin or wholphin is a rare hybrid, formed from a cross between a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (mother), and a false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens (father). The wolphin's size, colour and shape are intermediate between the parent species. Named Kekaimalu, she has 66 teeth - intermediate between a bottlenose (88 teeth) and false killer whale (44 teeth). The wolphin proved fertile.

Key Points Animals of the same species have the same number of chromosomes (sections of genetic information) Different species cannot usually interbreed- but sometimes do to produce a hybrid. Often the hybrid offspring is infertile – due to the amount of chromosomes it has

Carl Linnaeus Binomial system (biological nomenclature) Greek / latin Genus + species (generic + specific) Genus = capitalised Species = lowercase Printed in italics or underlined in writing

How are species named? Complete the table on the worksheet by guessing the English (common) name of each animal species from the clues given

Naming Animals - Answers Black rhinoceros 11. Baboon Elephant 12. Vervet monkey Zebra 13. Hyena Lion 14. Vulture Hippopotamus Giraffe Cheetah Leopard Buffalo Warthog

Real Species! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj98EoQ0ccc

Principles of classification Place the Mr Men into groups There are no rules as how to do this, just however you think they should be grouped!

Types of Classification Artificial classification – easily observable features (analogous characteristics), for convenience. Natural classification – evolutionary relationships based on shared features from ancestors (homologous characteristics), groups in a hierarchy (mostly used)

Hierachial System of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Increasing complexity

Hierarchical System of Classification King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Sausages Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species K P C O F G S