Americans, not British? Distance – 3000 miles, 6 weeks travel time - Americans had to be self-sufficient – help too far away Time – Colonial Period lasted 168 years ( ) Some families had been in America for 7 generations Diversity- Many other peoples than just English in America Result – A whole different culture - American, not British

West Africans By 1775 one of every five people in British America was of African ancestry Crops: Rice, Indigo, Yams, Okra Music: rhythmically complex, “blue note” -the Blues, Jazz, Rock & Roll, Hip Hop Words: banjo, gumbo, OK, banana, jazz, hip, jive, juke box, bug, tote, jamboree, mojo, mumbo jumbo, zombie… Expressions: sweet talk, bad mouth, every which way…

The primary export. Rice was still an exotic food in England.  Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.  West Africans had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria. By 1710  black slaves were a majority in Carolina. Crops of the Carolinas: Rice American Long Grain Rice

Crops of the Carolinas: Indigo In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes. West African societies grew and processed indigo so West Africans were imported by Carolina planters Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo Exports from SC & GA:

New Netherlands & New Sweden Swedes in colonial America brought the…

Settling the Middle Colonies

New Amsterdam, 1660 Characteristics of New Amsterdam:  Aristocratic  patroonships [feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them].  Cosmopolitan  diverse population with many different languages.

New Amsterdam, 1664 New York, 1665

Dutch Influence from New York New York City seal. Names  Harlem, Brooklyn, Coney Island Words  Boss, Cookie, Stoop, Yankee Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Urban Population Growth

GermansGermans “These Germans live under much better conditions than the American descendants of the English, Scotch and Irish; they are not so much given to strong drink and have not that restless spirit, which frequently induces settlers of other nationality to move, for the most trifling reasons, to distances of perhaps hundreds of miles in search of more fertile land."

Germans Christmas tree First iron works in colonial America 1714 Virginia First glass factory in 1738

Spanish St. Augustine, Florida – oldest European founded city in the United States – 1565 D ollar – Spanish coin was the first “world currency” Words: Alligator (el lagarto), Canyon Mosquito, Patio, Balcony, Tornado

Native Americans Technologies: Canoe, snow shoes, toboggan Foods: Corn, Potatoes, Squash, Pumpkins, Beans, Tomatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Sunflowers, Peanuts Words: skunk, raccoon, moose, squash, hickory, cougar, barbeque, coyote, jerky, hurricane, tobacco,

Confederation – the structure for the United States of America Freedom – to travel, to hunt, to make own decisions

The foundations of American culture

6 Trait Writing Quiz C onventions - spelling, grammar, punctuation, capitalization – following the rules of written English O rganization – Organizing your ideas in a logical way, into paragraphs W ord Choice – Using appropriate words for the type of paper you are writing, using clear and descriptive language S entence Fluency – How well you writing flows together, one sentence and paragraph flowing smoothly into another I deas – the content or information you are trying to communicate V oice – the personality that comes through in your writing