Anatomy Summer Work This information is all to help you get a head start. None of it is mandatory, however this is a college level course and the dual credit has two exams per quarter and a final in the 2 nd quarter. That’s it… so you can’t afford to have a bad grade. Anything you can do during the summer will help you in the long run. Also, Lab exams require correct spelling of terms! me if you have any questions! Don’t panic – I have given you a lot of information.

Helpful websites (there are many but here are a few!): 1. Cliff Notes - and-physiology/anatomy-and-chemistry- basics/what-is-anatomy-and-physiology and-physiology/anatomy-and-chemistry- basics/what-is-anatomy-and-physiology Below is from Cliff Notes – a good short overview. The link above has a lot more for you to explore as you have time. I recommend reviewing the chemistry section.

What Is Anatomy and Physiology? Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts. Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole. Some specializations within each of these sciences follow: Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of body parts visible to the naked eye, such as the heart or bones. Histology is the study of tissues at the microscopic level. Cytology is the study of cells at the microscopic level. Neurophysiology is the study of how the nervous system functions.

Organizations of living systems Living systems can be defined from various perspectives, from the broad (looking at the entire earth) to the minute (individual atoms). Each perspective provides information about how or why a living system functions: At the chemical level, atoms, molecules (combinations of atoms), and the chemical bonds between atoms provide the framework upon which all living activity is based. The cell is the smallest unit of life. Organelles within the cell are specialized bodies performing specific cellular functions. Cells themselves may be specialized. Thus, there are nerve cells, bone cells, and muscle cells.

A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a common function. Muscle tissue, for example, consists of muscle cells. An organ is a group of different kinds of tissues working together to perform a particular activity. The heart is an organ composed of muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial tissues. An organ system is two or more organs working together to accomplish a particular task. The digestive system, for example, involves the coordinated activities of many organs, including the mouth, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. An organism is a system possessing the characteristics of living things—the ability to obtain and process energy, the ability to respond to environmental changes, and the ability to reproduce. Be sure to look at the rest on the Cliff Notes link.

2. Crash Course A& P video intro – youtube you can Google it or it is: This instructor is funny/odd but the video’s I have viewed are good. So if you have had AP Bio you know I love Bozeman video’s. This maybe a favorite for Anatomy, I still need to view more of his work. It will be hard to beat Bozeman Bozeman videos for anatomy will be helpful. If you aren’t familiar with Bozeman videos… it is a great website: Bozemanscience.com

Histology – the study of tissues Types of Tissues (if you have time look these up…. This is chapter 4 – sorry I don’t have a table for Epithelial) 1. Epithelial Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Stratified squamous Stratified cuboidal Stratified columnar Pseudostratified columnar

2. Connective Tissue

(last two categories for tissue) 3. Nervous 4. Muscle Now the next slides are the skeleton and muscles… ch. 7 and ch. 10 so it will be a while before we get to these units. However, this is the easy stuff. So if you learn it in the summer it will make your year easier.