What do all living things need?

Energy! All living things need a constant flow of energy

Primary Consumer Producer Top Consumer Secondary Consumer Plant Carnivore Herbivore Place these terms into the area on the pyramid where you feel they belong

Producers Plants Primary Consumers Herbivores Secondary Consumers Carnivores Top Consumers Decomposers Fungus & Bacteria Primary Consumer Producer Top Consumer Secondary Consumer Plant Carnivore Herbivore

Milk comes from a cow – Primary consumer These are all plant products - Producers Tuna eat fish that eat smaller fish that feeds on plankton

Fill in table –(omit water/sugarless products) BreakfastLunchDinnerTrophic Level Food Beverage

In groups of 4, construct and label a 4 level pyramid : Producer – Plants Primary Consumer – Herbivore Secondary Consumer – Carnivore Top Consumer

Each group member will write his/her list on the group pyramid with a different colored marker. Insert a color key that lists each member and corresponding color.

Where on the Food Pyramid did most of your food end up? producers In the producers that make Carbohydrates

Producers Plants Primary Consumers Herbivores Secondary Consumers Carnivores Top Consumers Decomposers Fungus & Bacteria Primary Consumer Producer Top Consumer Secondary Consumer Plant Carnivore Herbivore

From where do the producers get their energy? From the SUN!!!

By what process do the producers capture solar energy & convert it into a usable form for all living things?

When we are done with this chapter, you will be able to… 1.Explain why Photosynthesis is necessary 2.Tell where photosynthesis takes place 3.What is the formula for photosynthesis 4.Explain how photosynthesis occurs a)Reactants & products of the Light reaction b)Reactants & products of the Calvin Cycle

Chapter 4: Photosynthesis Let’s get into this

Energy produced by the producers (with the energy from the sun) is transferred from one organism to the next. Sun Producers Primary Secondary Consumers Consumers Sun Producers Primary Secondary Consumers Consumers

Photosynthesis Process by which green plants or organism with chlorophyll, convert light energy into the chemical energy in the bonds of carbohydrates

Autotrophic – –Can transfer energy to produce food – can make their own food –Plants, some bacteria & some protists Heterotrophic – –Must obtain energy from preformed food – must eat food –Fungus, all animals, some bacteria & protists

What is needed for autotrophs to photosynthesize? Carbon dioxide (atmospheric) Water (in the soil or air) Sunlight (or artificial light source) Chlorophyll (present in leaves and sometimes stems)

General formula for Photosynthesis

Where does Photosynthesis take place in a leaf? Chloroplasts chlorophyllChloroplasts are small oval structures containing the green pigment chlorophyll on the leaves of plants

What does a chloroplast look like? Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are oval structures consisting of stacked grana (photosynthetic membranes) and a liquid called stroma. –Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana

Light Reaction occurs in the... Calvin Cycle occurs in the... Photosynthesis occurs in 2 major steps

Occurs only in the presence of lightOccurs only in the presence of light. –Occurs in the grana (stacks) of the chloroplasts –Light is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen and to move electrons through the membranes of the grana to produce ATP Step 1 – The Light Reaction

Membrane of the Grana Occurs in Stroma Light Independent Reaction Light Dependent Reaction Glucose

Step 2. Calvin Cycle (Light independent reaction) can occur in light or darkness. Follows light reaction Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts CO 2 ATP light reaction GlucoseCO 2 will get “fixed up” with the ATP energy from the light reaction (and hydrogens also from the Light Reaction) to produce Glucose

Membrane of the Grana Occurs in Stroma Glucose

The Steps in Photosynthesis THE LIGHT REACTION 1) The light energy strikes the leaf, passes into the leaf and hits a chloroplast inside an individual cell. light energy chloroplastschlorophyll grana 2) The light energy, upon entering the chloroplasts, is captured by the chlorophyll inside a grana. split water hydrogen oxygen 3) Inside the grana some of the energy is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Produces ATP molecules oxygen 4) The oxygen is released into the air.

The Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reaction) hydrogen ATP 5) The hydrogen is taken to the stroma along with the ATP energy from the Light Reaction. Carbon dioxide 6) Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and passes into the chloroplast. hydrogencarbon dioxide carbohydrates 7) In the stroma, the remaining light energy is used to combine hydrogen and carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates. This occurs during the Calvin Cycle Glucose 8) The energy-­rich carbohydrates ( Glucose ) are carried to the plant's cells.

H

Look at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are the names of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts Describe what reactants are going in and what products are going out. H

Summary

Great Summary of Photosynthesis & Respiraton Animation Another good one

Nicholl REACTION TYPE What goes into it? What comes out of it? (What is produced?) Does it need light? Does it need the dark? What gets split? What goes into the next stage? Light Reaction Calvin Cycle H2OH2O Sunlight The Glucose will be used for energy for the cell Oxygen CO 2 and Hydrogens (from the light reaction) Water Yes No ATP Hydrogen Glucose No Nothing

1.What is the definition of Photosynthesis? 2.What are the reactants for Photosynthesis? 3. What are the products? 4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis? 5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle? 6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast? PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW

7.What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast? 8.Does the light reaction have to occur in the light? 9. Does the light independent reaction have to occur in the dark? 10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things? 11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)? PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW