Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Do Now: 1. How are the materials (nutrients) transferred in the ecosystem below? grass mouse hawk The materials are transferred from _____________ to ___________to ___________ to ______________ to ________________to ______________to ______________ decomposer grass

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 2. How is the energy transferred in this ecosystem? The energy is transferred from _____________ to _____________ to ____________ to ______________ to _______________ to _____________ to _____________ grass mouse hawk decomposer

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 3. What is the source of energy in the ecosystem? Where the energy is coming from? The source of energy is the sunlight

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 4. How are the transfer of materials and energy different in an ecosystem? Energy flows in the ecosystem. It has a beginning and an end. Sunlight grass mouse hawk decomposers Materials cycle and are reused in the ecosystem. Grass mouse hawk decomposers

How does energy flow in an ecosystem? Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level How does energy flow in an ecosystem? 5. Use arrows to show how energy flows in an ecosystem.

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 6. How does energy flows in an ecosystem? Energy flows in the ecosystem in only one direction. From the sun to producers, then to consumers, and finally to decomposers. 7. How to represent the flow of energy in an ecosystem? Energy pyramid show the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 8. Label the following trophic levels in the energy pyramid: Primary Consumers, Producers, Secondary Consumers, High Level Consumers, Decomposers. Fox, hawk H.L.C Salamander, kinglet, hawk, fox Secondary Consumers Squirrel, pine borer Primary Consumers decomposers pine, oak acorn Producers 9. Place each organism of the above food web in the correct trophic level of the energy pyramid.

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 10. Label the following trophic levels in the energy pyramid: Primary Consumers, Producers, Secondary Consumers, High Level Consumers, Decomposers. Fox H.L.C Fox, owl, bird Secondary Consumers Rabbits, mice, Grasshoppers, bird Primary Consumers decomposers Carrots, grasses, grains Producers 11. Place each organism of the above food web in the correct trophic level of the energy pyramid.

What is the energy productivity through an energy pyramid? Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level What is the energy productivity through an energy pyramid? Organisms use about 10 percent of this energy for life processes. The rest is lost as heat or used up in metabolic activities

What is the energy productivity through an energy pyramid? Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level What is the energy productivity through an energy pyramid? 10% 10% 10% 12. How much energy moves up to the next trophic level? ______________________ Only 10 % of the energy moves up from one trophic level to the next. The rest 90% is lost as heat or used up in metabolic activities

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level What is the Energy Productivity through an ecosystem? How much energy moves up to the next trophic level? 90% lost as heat or used up 10% moves up 90% lost as heat or used up 10% moves up 10% moves up 90% lost as heat or used up 10% moves up 10% moves up 90% lost as heat or used up Organisms use about 10 percent of this energy for life processes. The rest is lost as heat or used up in metabolic activities

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level DO NOW Do Now List 3 things you learned about how energy works in an ecosystem The source of energy is… The energy goes from … to … to… The ________________ shows how energy moves in the ecosystem How much energy is transferred from one level to another 10% 10% 10%

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Questions 1 through 11 refer to the graph to the right: Energy from nutrients is transferred to ATP in A) levels B, C, and D, only B) levels B and C, only C) level A, only D) levels A, B, C, and D 2) The greatest amount of available energy is transferred from level A) D to level A B) B to level A C) A to level B D) A to level C 3) Which energy levels could contain carnivores? A) D and A B) B and C C) C and D D) A and B 4) At each successive level from A to D in the energy pyramid, the amount of available energy A) remains the same B) decreases, only C) increases, only D) increases, then decreases 5) Which process provides the initial energy to support all the levels in the energy pyramid shown? A) photosynthesis B) active transport C) digestion D) circulation

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level In a community where grass, cats, insects, and mice are found, 6) Which of these organisms would fill level A? 7) Identify one organism in the community that would be found at level B 8) Identify one organism shown in the community that would be found at level C. 9) Identify one organism shown in the community that would be found at level D. 10) The flow of materials through ecosystems involves the interactions of many processes and organisms. State how decomposers would aid in the flow of materials in that ecosystem. grass insects mice cats Decomposers recycle wastes and dead organisms, so materials are reused by plants.

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 11) Which one of the following factors would have the greatest effect on the flow of energy into an ecosystem? A) a large increase in the number of carnivores B) a large decrease in the amount of sunlight available C) a small increase in the number of decomposers D) a small decrease in the amount of minerals available

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Questions 12 and 13 refer to the energy pyramid shown below. 12) Which term best describes the mosquito larvae? A) producer B) consumer C) parasite D) carnivore 13) State one reason that algae form the base of this pyramid. Algae is a producer. Algae convert sunlight energy into chemical energy (food) Algae contain more energy than the trophic levels above.

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 14) Analysis of a sample taken from a pond showed variety in both number and type of organisms present. The data collected are shown in the table below. Which diagram below best represents the organisms from the table arranged as an energy pyramid?

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level 15) Thirty grams of hay (dried grasses) were boiled in 500 milliliters of water, placed in a culture dish, and allowed to stand. The next day, a small sample of pond water was added to the mixture of boiled hay and water. The dish was then covered and its contents observed regularly. Bacteria fed on the nutrients from the boiled hay. As the populations of bacteria increased rapidly, the clear mixture soon became cloudy. One week later, microscopic examination of samples from the culture showed various types of protozoa (single-celled organisms) eating the bacteria. Label each level of the energy pyramid below with an organism mentioned in the reading passage that belongs at that level. protozoa bacteria Hay (dried grass)

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Suppose that the base of this energy pyramid consists of plants that contains 450,000 Calories of food energy. If all the plants were eaten by mice and insects, how much food energy would be available to those first-level consumers? If all the mice and insects were eaten by snakes, how much food energy would be available to the snakes? If all the snakes were eaten by a hawk, how much food energy would be available to the hawk? How much food energy would the hawk use for its body processes and lose as heat? hawk snakes 45,000 calories Mice, insect plants 4,500 calories 450 calories 405 calories

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Do Now List 3 things you learned about the flow of energy in an ecosystem

How to represent the flow of energy in an ecosystem? Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level How to represent the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

2,200 45,700

How Does Energy Flows? Make a list of five foods that you like to eat. Indicate whether the food comes from a plant (producer) or an animal (consumer) Why do you need to eat? Where does energy of meat come from? Where does energy of vegetables come from? Meat comes from beef cattle. What do cattle eat? How do consumers obtain energy? How do producers obtain energy? What is the main energy source for life on Earth? Construct a diagram showing how one of your favorite foods obtains its energy. Include as many levels as you can.

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Label the trophic levels: Primary Consumers, Producers, Secondary Consumers, High Level Consumers, Decomposers. Place each organism below in the correct trophic level Bass Catfish Amphipod Pickerel High-Level Consumer Decomposers Diving Beetle Copepod Secondary Consumers Snail Protozoa Primary Consumers Bacteria Algae Producers

Objective: Understand How Energy Flows in an Ecosystem Key words: Energy Pyramid, Productivity, Trophic Level Label the trophic levels: Primary Consumers, Producers, Secondary Consumers, High Level Consumers, Decomposers. Place each organism below in the correct trophic level Hawk Fox High-Level Consumer Hawk Fox Decomposers Kinglet Salamander Secondary Consumers Squirrel Pine Borer Primary Consumers Pine Oak Acorns Producers