I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. - I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. - I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. Aim: I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. - I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. - I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. Do Now: Trivia Crack  January 5, 2016 HW: Earthquake & Volcano Quiz Friday

What Happens to Rock? ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY - MOST sedimentary rocks show ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY Dun Briste, Ireland

CRACK Faulted - displaced along a CRACK

BENT or CURVED Folded- BENT or CURVED

I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake.

What is an Earthquake? Natural rapid shaking of LITHOSPHERE (CRUST) LITHOSPHERE (CRUST) ENERGY Releases ENERGY stored in rocks

Where do Earthquakes START? BENEATH FOCUS –Start at one Point BENEATH earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress called FOCUS ON -Point ON surface directly above focus is called EPICENTER

Measuring Earthquakes SEISMOGRAPH - Instruments used to measure earthquake called SEISMOGRAPH SEISMOGRAMThe recording is called a SEISMOGRAM

Measuring Earthquakes SEISMIC WAVES -Energy of quake is carried through SEISMIC WAVES 3 TYPES: 1) P waves 2) S waves 3) SURFACE WAVES

P waves PRIMARY - PRIMARY WAVES SAME - Vibrate in the SAME direction the waves are moving SOLIDS LIQUIDS - Move through SOLIDS & LIQUIDS - FIRST - FIRST to arrive at epicenter FAST - Moves FAST

S waves SECONDARY WAVES -SECONDARY WAVES RIGHT ANGLES -Vibrate at RIGHT ANGLES to the direction the waves are moving SOLIDS -Move ONLY through SOLIDS SECOND -SECOND to arrive at epicenter -Moves SLOW

I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake.

Surface Waves Form when P and S waves reach the surface Move slowest Cause most severe shaking

Detecting & Measuring Seismic Waves -3 rating scales to measure earthquakes: 1. Mercalli- based on intensity and damage done 2. Richter- based on size of seismic waves 3. Moment Magnitude- based on total energy released.

Mercalli Scale

Richter Scale

Moment magnitude scale OFTEN Most OFTEN used to measure strength of earthquake Use HEIGHT Use HEIGHT of wiggles on seismograms to infer total amount of energy DON’T WRITE

Tsunami LARGE OCEAN A LARGE OCEAN wave UNDERWATER EARTHQUAKE Caused by an UNDERWATER EARTHQUAKE 77.4 ft High Waves 3/11/11 in Japan

I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can tell the difference between a fault & a fold. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I can explain the differences between the P & S Waves. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake. I understand safety precautions for an earthquake.

Earthquake SAFETY? 1) Stand in a doorway. 2) DROP, COVER, HOLD During an Earthquake: Prepare for a future Earthquake 1) Earthquake DRILLS 2) Proper PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION of building

Earthquake & Tsunami in Japan March 11, 2011

Earthquakes Eyewitness video of Japan earthquake Tsunami 101