Position Statement on Sealed Truss Placement Diagrams for the 2012 or 2015 International Residential Code Overview

Introduction Do Truss Designers have the responsibility to seal a Truss Placement Diagram (TPD)? Short answer: NO

Why not seal TPDs? All necessary engineering design information is found on the Truss Design Drawings (TDD) If Truss Design Engineers were to seal a TPD, they could inappropriately be held responsible for ensuring the proper flow of loads through the structure to the foundation.

Why not seal TPDs? Compare a truss to a window: both are manufactured and in turn installed within a building. A window may be a highly engineered component of a house with specific installation specifications and instructions. However, there is no requirement to provide an engineer’s seal on the installation instructions for windows.

Purpose of TPDs To assist the builder in positioning or locating the trusses and components supplied by the manufacturer. To serve as detailed installation instructions To indicate the manufacturer’s assumed location for each truss and component

Designer Responsibility The Truss Design Engineer is NOT the Building Designer. A Truss Design Engineer could only undertake Building Designer responsibilities under a special set of circumstances and when they are delegated the appropriate scope of work as a Successor Engineer. This would require authorization from the owner of the project and a contract to do so, along with being professionally capable of taking on such responsibility and being compensated for doing so.

Key Definitions Definitions related to trusses – not specifically defined in the IRC but defined in ANSI/TPI 1 (TPI 1) by code reference to TPI 1: – TRUSS PLACEMENT DIAGRAM (TPD) – Illustration identifying the assumed location of each Truss.

Key Definitions Definitions Included in the International Residential Code: – CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS – Written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing the design, location and physical characteristics of the elements of a project necessary for obtaining a building permit. Construction drawings shall be drawn to an appropriate scale (see 2012 IRC Section R202 or 2015 IRC Section R202).2012 IRC Section R IRC Section R202 – REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL (RDP) – An individual who is registered or licensed to practice their respective design profession as defined by the statutory requirements of the professional registration laws of the state or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.

Key Definitions Definitions Included in the International Residential Code: – TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING (TDD) – The graphic depiction of an individual truss, which describes the design and physical characteristics of the truss. The TDD shall be prepared by a registered professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed in accordance with 2012 IRC Section R106.1 or 2015 IRC Section R106.1 (see 2012 IRC Section R and Section R or 2015 IRC Section R and Section R ).2012 IRC Section R IRC Section R IRC Section R Section R IRC Section R Section R

Key Definitions Definitions included in the International Residential Code Referenced Standard TPI 1: – BUILDING DESIGNER – Owner of the Building or the Person that contracts with the Owner for the design of the Building Structural System and/or who is responsible for the preparation of the Construction Documents. When mandated by the Legal Requirements, the Building Designer shall be a Registered Design Professional. – TRUSS DESIGNER – Person responsible for the preparation of the Truss Design Drawings.

Key Definitions Other Pertinent Definitions: – DELEGATED ENGINEER – An engineer who undertakes a specialty service and provides services or creative work (delegated engineering document) regarding a portion of the engineering project. The delegated engineer is the engineer of record for that portion of the engineering project. – SPECIALTY ENGINEER – An engineer, who is not the structural engineer of record, who provides engineering criteria or designs necessary for the structure to be completed. The specialty engineer may be a delegated engineer.

Key Definitions Other Pertinent Definitions: – SUCCESSOR ENGINEER – An engineer seeking to reuse already sealed contract documents under the successor professional engineer's seal must be able to document and produce upon request evidence that he has in fact recreated all the work done by the original professional engineer. The successor professional engineer must take all professional and legal responsibility for the documents which he sealed and signed and can in no way exempt himself from such full responsibility. Plans need not be redrawn by the successor professional engineer; however, justification for such action must be available through well-kept and complete documentation on the part of the successor professional engineer as to his having rethought and reworked the entire design process. – TRUSS SYSTEM ENGINEER – An engineer who designs a Truss System.

Background The majority of residential structures in the United States are built using the prescriptive code of the IRC. Trusses are simply replacements for the prescriptively applied joists and rafters, and are highly engineered structural elements.

Background The following information should be used to provide insight into why component manufacturers should seriously consider all the ramifications of providing seals on TPD for projects governed by the 2012 IRC or 2015 IRC.2012 IRC2015 IRC While the IRC remains relatively silent on the issue, since the 2006 edition, the IBC has provided specific language regarding TPD:IBC

Background 2006 IBC Truss Placement Diagram. A diagram supplied by the truss manufacturer that identifies the proposed location for each individually designated truss and references the corresponding Truss Design Drawing. The Truss Placement Diagram shall be provided as part of the job site. Truss Placement Diagrams shall not be required to bear the seal or signature of the Truss Designer. – Exception: When the Truss Placement Diagram is prepared under the direct supervision of a registered design professional, it is required to be signed and sealed.

Background In the 2009 IBC, the truss section was reorganized (S66–06/07). The requirement regarding TPD was revised as well (S217-07/08) as proposed by the National Council of Structural Engineers Associations (NCSEA). This revised language accepted for the 2009 IBC Section is also included in the 2012 IBC Section and the 2015 IBC Section S66–06/07S217-07/ IBC Section IBC Section IBC Section – 2009/2012/2015 IBC Truss placement diagram. The truss manufacturer shall provide a truss placement diagram that identifies the proposed location for each individually designated truss and references the corresponding truss design drawing. The truss placement diagram shall be provided as part of the truss submittal package, and with the shipment of trusses delivered to the job site. Truss placement diagrams that serve only as a guide for installation and do not deviate from the permit submittal drawings shall not be required to bear the seal or signature of the truss designer.

Background The exception was removed from the 2006 IBC to further clarify that a TPD is not an engineered document and therefore does not require an engineer’s seal. The rationale for the change proposed by S217-07/08 is as follows: – The truss placement diagram is an erection diagram that replicates the information on the approved construction documents per Section As it requires no engineering input, direct supervision and the signature and seal of a registered design professional is not required.

Background The Commentary to the 2012 IBC Section provides further background on the intent of the code change.2012 IBC Section – This section describes and defines the term "truss placement diagram." It is intended to minimize the confusion that exists in the construction industry between a variety of terms that are often used interchangeably, such as "installation documents," "construction documents," "shop drawings," etc. The term "truss placement diagram" is preferred by the truss industry and is very specific. The section requires a truss placement diagram to identify the location of each truss and references the corresponding truss design drawing to facilitate inspection and proper installation.

Analysis – 2012 and 2015 IRC and IBC The IRC does not reference the TPD but does specifically state what information needs to be on a TDD and that the TDD needs to be prepared by a Truss Design Engineer 2012 IRC Section R and Section R IRC Section R Section R IRC Section R and Section R IRC Section R Section R IRC Section R and Section R IRC Section R Section R IRC Section R and Section R IRC Section R Section R

Analysis – 2012 and 2015 IRC and IBC On the contrary, the IBC does include relevant sections that lay out the differences between TDDs and TPDs: 2012 IBC Section IBC Section IBC Section IBC Section

Analysis – 2012 and 2015 IRC and IBC The IRC provides that the plans and specifications for a project shall be prepared by a licensed architect or engineer where required by the law of the jurisdiction in which the project is being constructed IRC Section R IRC Section R IRC Section R IRC Section R106.1

Analysis – 2012 and 2015 IRC The plans and specifications should in turn clearly define the scope of the work proposed by the Building Designer IRC Section R IRC Section R IRC Section R IRC Section R

Analysis – Statutes for Professional Engineering Requiring the TPD to be sealed, where it is not prepared by an engineer or under his/her immediate personal supervision, is contrary to most state engineering laws which typically include language regarding sealing construction documents: – Each registered professional engineer shall, upon registration, obtain a seal of the design authorized by the State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land Surveying. Every final document including drawings, specifications, designs, reports, narratives, maps and plans issued by a registrant shall be stamped with the seal and signed by the registrant. The signature and stamp of a registrant constitute a certification that the document was prepared by the registrant or under the supervision and control of the registrant.

Analysis – Statutes for Professional Engineering In general, TPDs are created by the Truss Manufacturer as a guide for installation of the trusses and are not created by a Truss Design Engineer. Therefore, a TPD cannot be required to have a Truss Design Engineer’s seal on it for any building project in jurisdictions where this would violate professional engineering law.

Analysis – ANSI/TPI 1 In preparing the construction documents, the Building Designer needs to provide the Truss Designer with the information necessary to properly design the trusses for the building. Both TPI , which is referenced by 2012 IBC, and TPI , which is referenced by the 2015 IBC, include sections regarding the use of a TPD in Chapter 2.

Analysis – ANSI/TPI RESPONSIBILITIES Truss Placement Diagram. When the Truss Placement Diagram serves only as a guide for Truss installation, it does not require the seal of the Truss Design Engineer Truss Placement Diagram. Where required by the Construction Documents or Contract, the Truss Manufacturer shall prepare the Truss Placement Diagram that identifies the assumed location for each individually designated Truss and references the corresponding Truss Design Drawing. The Truss Placement Diagram shall be permitted to include identifying marks for other products including Structural Elements, so that they may be more easily identified by the Contractor during field erection. When the Truss Placement Diagram serves only as a guide for Truss installation and requires no engineering input, it does not require the seal of any Truss Design Engineer or Registered Design Professional… Required Documents. The Truss Manufacturer shall supply to the Contractor the Truss Submittal Package, including the Truss Design Drawings, a Truss Placement Diagram, if required by the Construction Documents or Contract, and the required Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint location and the method to be used...

Analysis The Truss Designer’s sole responsibility is to design the individual trusses according to information provided by the RDP or Building Designer The Truss Designer is therefore specifically responsible for the single truss design depicted on each TDD.

Analysis TPDs are typically prepared by component manufacturer personnel other than Truss Designers. The TPDs may not be reviewed or even seen by the Truss Designer. It is therefore understood that TPDs are not prepared under the Truss Designer’s direct supervision.

Analysis Because TPDs are generally neither created by nor created under the immediate direct supervision of a licensed design professional, they cannot be sealed. Requesting a Truss Design Engineer to seal a non-registered person’s work is illegal in most state engineering laws.

Findings The 2012 IRC and 2015 IRC do not address the TPD but the code referenced standard ANSI/TPI 1 does specifically state that the TPD does not require the Truss Design Engineer’s seal when it serves only as a guide for truss installation. Per 2012 IRC Section R102.4 and 2015 IRC Section R102.4, the standards referenced in this code shall be considered part of the requirements of this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference.2012 IRC Section R IRC Section R102.4

Findings Additionally, the 2012 IBC Section and 2015 IBC Section both specify that a TPD does not require the seal of the Truss Design Engineer when the TPD serves as a guide for installers.2012 IBC Section IBC Section It is the responsibility of the Building Designer to review the TPD, if provided, and verify that it does not deviate from the permit submittal documents.

Conclusion Truss Design Engineers should NOT be asked by RDPs, Building Designers or Building Code Officials to seal TPDs.

References ANSI/TPI 1, National Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Construction, Truss Plate Institute, 2007, 2014 International Residential Code / International Building Code, International Code Council, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015