Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 1 Chapter 2 Skills You Need: Memory, Note-Taking, and Studying Techniques

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 2 Chapter Questions © James Woodson/Digital Vision/Getty Images

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 3 Exploring the Research Einstein, G. O. Mullet, H. G., & Harrison, T. L. (2012). The testing effect: Illustrating a fundamental concept and changing study strategies. Teaching of Psychology, 38 (3), doi: /

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 4 The Research Question Einstein, Mullet, & Harrison, (2012) Will participating in a demonstration of the testing effect increase the use of testing as a study strategy? Testing effect- Testing yourself is a very powerful way to remember © argus/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 5 The Study Einstein, Mullet, & Harrison, (2012) Who? 52 college students taking an upper level course on Memory Study-Study Read and Study passage 4 minutes Study-Test Read and Study passage 4 minutes Recall as much as possible for 4 minutes Self- Assessment How well did you remember the content? Presentation 20 Minutes on Testing Effect

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 6 The Results Einstein, Mullet, & Harrison, (2012) But… Students thought they did equally well

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 7 The Results Einstein, Mullet, & Harrison, (2012) Students were MORE likely to USE TESTING as a study tool after this demonstration! 67% used testing during reading 82% used testing strategy when studying

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 8 Application Einstein, Mullet, & Harrison, (2012) Testing improves memory Learning about research-based strategies increases likelihood you will use effective study techniques © Filipe Frazao/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 9 How Memory Works: Building Foundational Knowledge! © iStockphoto.com/Petrovich9

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 10 A Simple Model of Memory

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 11 Encoding Pay attention to important information Use a Multi-Sensory Approach © kurhan/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 12 Storage: Short Term Memory Holds limited information for brief periods of time, often only seconds Miller’s (1956) Famous Study- limited capacity 7 +/- 2

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 13 Storage: Long Term Memory Holds endless supply of information forever

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 14 Retrieval Show What You Know Helps you Learn (Testing Effect) © Constantine Pankin/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 15 Memory Strategies Rehearsal Elaboration Chunking Stories and Emotion Mnemonics Retrieval Practice Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 16 Exercise: How Many Can You Remember?

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 17 Mnemonics: Acronyms ROY G BIV – Colors of Rainbow OCEAN – Big 5 Personality Factors © Bogdan ionescu/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 18 Mnemonics: Sentence or Acrostic Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally – Order of operations © iStockphoto.com/Petrovich9

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 19 Note-Taking: Our Only Hope! Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 20 Forgetting

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 21 Making the Most of Class Experiences Attendance Preparation Cognitive Engagement Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 22 Be an Active Participant in Class

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 23 Note-taking Methods © wavebreakmedia/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 24 Note-taking Methods Cornell Concept maps Matrix Traditional outline Digital Notes Note-taking Apps Linear Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 25 Cornell Method

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 26 Concept Map

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 27 Matrix The Most Effective Method!

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 28 Traditional Outline

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 29 Digital Notes

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 30 Note-Taking Apps

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 31 Linear Notes

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 32 Note-taking Tips © wavebreakmedia/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 33 Note-taking: What’s Important? Spending a lot of time on the topic Repeating the information Providing several examples Talking in a louder voice or with more passion Writing it on the board or putting it in a Power Point slide Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 34 Study Approaches that Work! © Monkey Business Images/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 35 We are ALL Multi-Sensory Learners Picture Superiority Effect © kurhan/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 36 Testing Your Knowledge

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 37 Organizing: An Amazing Academic Weapon

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 38 Exploring the Research Dickinson and O’Connell (1990) Research Question: Does how long you study or how you study matter more? What study approach works best? Tom Peterson, Middlesex County College

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 39 The Study Dickinson and O’Connell (1990) 113 Undergraduate Students ReadingReviewingOrganiizing Recorded Study Time and Strategy WHILE studying Test Grade

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 40 The Results! Dickinson and O’Connell (1990)

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 41 The Results! Dickinson and O’Connell (1990)

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 42 Defining Organizing Dickinson and O’Connell (1990) Put information into your own words Create links between concepts via a hierarchical structure Create examples to help concepts come alive

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 43 The So What Factor Dickinson and O’Connell (1990) Reading and reviewing, while important, are NOT enough! Increasing organizing techniques will maximize study time © Filipe Frazao/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 44 Learning is Social: Establish Study Groups © wavebreakmedia/shutterstock.com

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 45 Main Benefits of Study Groups 1.Increased motivation 2.More support 3.Opportunity to clear up confusing concepts

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 46 Strategies to Increase Effectiveness of Group Work Work with others who are committed to learning Assign tasks that need to be completed prior to the group session Establish ground rules and roles

Copyright 2016 Harrington © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 | 47 Group Roles