Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Biologia Celular e Molecular II 2009/2010 Grupo: Inês Morais Isabel Fernandes João Gomes João Victor Tiago Sol Turma 7 e 8

Tutankhamen's death and Forensic Medicine

Brief History… BC – last king of 18th dynasty (Egypt)

Radiologic and genetic tests in 16 mummies

Forensic Science Application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. Related to the notion of authentication, the interest of determining whether an object is what it purports to be or is alleged as being.

Biology in Forensics Tutankhamen Radiological and anthropological genetics Genetic fingerprinting Blood analyses Autopsies

Computed tomography X-ray three-dimensional

Findings in DNA Presence of the Plasmodium falciparum (parasite) – malaria Congenital illnesses Kohler disease Leg fracture lead to the death of the king, suffering from malaria.

Kohler’s Disease Caused by the poor blood supply to the bones that in Kohler’s disease affects the navicular bone. Usually appears in children from 6 to 9 years-old. Symptoms: Swelling and pain in the affected foot (club foot).

Malaria Infectious disease caused by a eukaryotic protist carried by mosquitos. Common in tropical regions. Symptoms: Fever, chills, nausea, headache and fatigue.

Development of Malaria In the exoerythrocytic phase the sporozoites in the mosquito's saliva enter the bloodstream and migrate to the liver. Sporozoites multiply in the liver and send merozoites to the blood, infecting erythrocytes The merozoites often destroy their host cell and invade other red blood cells.

Treatment of Malaria Treatment: Administration of drugs depending on the species of the parasite. Prevention: Bite avoidance and Chemoprophylaxis (preventing Medicines).

Forensics is usually used in the: identification of the deceased identification of the medical cause of death interpretation of injuries the manner of death (in some jurisdictions), i.e. accident, suicide or homicide. Forensics as an important tool to find the answer to Tutankhamen’s death

# Computational forensics # Forensic Linguistics # Forensic Serology # Forensic Optometry # Forensic Chemistry # Trace Evidence # Forensic Dactyloscopyis # Forensic Botany # Forensic Accounting # Forensic limnology # Forensic engineering # Forensic video analysis # Forensic document # Forensic toxicology # Forensic seismology. # Forensic psychology # Forensic pathology # Forensic odontology # Forensic meteorology # Forensic geology # Forensic entomology # Forensic DNA # Forensic archaeology # Forensic anthropology # Digital forensics # Criminalistics forensics

DNA Profiling RFLP PCR STR (Y-STR) AmpFLP DNA family relationship analysis Mitochondrial analysis Among others referred in the Tutankhamen’s case Biological methods in the basis of Forensics

RFLP PCR

STR AmpFLP

Conclusion Scientific methods are nowadays used to understand past events, that allows us to recreate past civilizations, habits and ways of living. Forensics, based on biological knowledge and methods, finds important evidence to prove and understand what happened, way beyond the legal questions, and into the scientific matters.

Bibliography nkhamon/index.shtml nkhamon/index.shtml morrido-de-malaria-cerebral_ morrido-de-malaria-cerebral_ html html