How do our bodies prevent pathogens entering? RECAP

EXTERNAL DEFENCES Skin Sweat/Tears Mucus/ear wax Cilia Stomach acid

Name 3 ways WBCs kill pathogens

WHITE BLOOD CELLS 1.ingest pathogens 2.producing antibodies, which destroy bacteria or viruses 3.produce antitoxins, which counteract the toxins released by the pathogens.

blood-cells/1838.html White blood cells

PATHOGENS WBC ingests PATHOGENS

MEMORY CELLS After an Infection most white blood cells die. Some remain in the blood. These are called MEMORY CELLS.

Edward Jenner What is today’s lesson about? What do the images have in common?

VACCINES They contain a dead/inactive pathogen. If a large proportion of the population is immune to a pathogen, the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced.

Which vaccines have you had? Flu Measles Mumps Rubella Polio TB Tetanus Meningitis HPV

Who discovered the first Vaccine? EDWARD JENNER. He used Cow pox to protect against deadly Small pox.

HOW VACCINES WORK White blood cells detect dead/inactive pathogen then produce antibodies to destroy it. The body can respond by rapidly making the correct antibody, in the same way as if the person had previously had the disease. This makes the person immune to future infections by the microorganism.

THE MMR VACCINE MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA Given to children aged 13 months, then again at 3-5 years.

MEASLES Caused by a virus. Spread by coughing/sneezing. Rash, fever, cough. Causes disabilities: 1 in 4000 children. Kills 1 in 100,000 children.

MUMPS Caused by a virus. Painful neck swelling. Headache, fever, soar throat.

RUBELLA (German measles) Caused by a virus. Rash, fever, muscle ache, cold symptoms. Severely harms unborn babies. ( deaf, brain damaged)

Use these words to explain how a vaccine works. injected dead/weakened antibodies white blood cells microbe vaccine Vaccination Plenary

A vaccine is a ………………/……………… microbe that is ………………………… into someone. This stimulates that person’s………………….blood cells to produce …………………. If that person ever encounters the microbe again, their ……………blood cells will make enough ………………………………. to kill the ………………………….and stop them from becoming ill. injected dead/weakened antibodies white Microbe vaccine Vaccination Plenary Writing Frame