Ourida Victorin

Focus on cooperation amongst States through a common interest Promotion of “Free Trade” Believe that free-trade will lead to richer, more innovative, and tolerant world-Baylis International Institutions (World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, The World Bank) help facilitate cooperation amongst state and in the promotion of social welfare See Globalization in a positive light States benefits from economic growth by the promotion of Globalization

haiti/120411/haitian-farmers-call-us-stop-subsidizing-its-own haiti/120411/haitian-farmers-call-us-stop-subsidizing-its-own December IMF loans Haiti 24.6 million dollars under its Structural Adjustment Facility Condition included lowering import tariffs on Rice and liberalizing its economic policies Import tariffs on American Rice decreased from 50% to 3% Resulted to decrease in the production of domestic Haitian rice and local farmers are slowly being put out of business. American Rice are sold at lower price throughout Haiti while high taxes are imposed on Haitian rice and resulted to being sold at higher prices. Loss of Self-Determination/Sovereignty

Decrease on the production of rice Farmers running out of business and moving from rural areas to urban areas The increase of poverty-Citizens going hungry!!! With the price of food increasing and local farmers losing their business due to competition from the U.S, many of the citizen of Haiti especially the farmers are unable to feed themselves and live in poverty Reduction of health Decrease of education (unable to send children to school due to loss of income) Haitian are force to rely on export of raw materials

Located in West Indies of the western portion of the island Hispaniola The poorest country in the western hemisphere Third hungriest country in the world after Somalia and Afghanistan 78% of Haitian live on less than $2 US per day Agriculture has been the largest sector of the economy Over 70% of the active population was engaged in agriculture Rice in Haiti is the second most consumed cereal crop

1804-Independence of Haiti United States recognizes Haiti’s independence United States occupation of Haiti 1990-Jean-Bertrand Aristide wins the first democratic election in Haiti 1991-Coup against Aristide Aristide was brought back into power with the deal of liberalizing Haiti economy by banning tariffs importation on rice and wheat 2001-Jean Bertrand Aristide wins another presidency election unopposed 2004-Coup of Jean-Bertrand Aristide (Rumors that Aristide was kidnapped by US forces) 2004-Under the George Bush Administration, US forces are sent to Haiti to stabilize the country.

January 12, 2010-Earthquake struck Haiti killing about 300,000 civilians and millions of dollars of damages especially to agriculture. Also left 2.5 million people without food 8,000 civilians died of Cholera as a result of United Nation workers Food Aid and cheap imports=lack of investment in Haitian Farming As a result, Haiti has become dependent on imported Rice According to Bill Reed, Riceland’s Vice President of Communications, Haiti doesn't have the land nor the climate... to produce enough rice…The productivity of U.S. farmers helps feed countries which cannot feed themselves."

April 2008=Food Riots Similarly to the Arab Spring, these protests were organized by educated young men, students, and farmers living in the country side. Through the use of social media, particularly the Radio, Haitian are able to verbally express/share their concerns June 4, 2012=Farmer protest against Monsanto donation of corn seeds Organized by the MPP (Mouvement Paysan Papaye)

Clinton Apology: "It may have been good for some of my farmers in Arkansas, but it has not worked. It was a mistake…I had to live everyday with the consequences of the loss of capacity to produce a rice crop in Haiti to feed those people because of what I did; nobody else.”-Former President Bill Clinton (Now a U.N. Special envoy to Haiti) told to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee After the Food Riot in 2008 and through the use of media, the food crises in Haiti has become more mainstream.

National Agriculture Investment Plan-May 2010 Preval’s Government/Clinton Action Plan Create Industrial Jobs for Haitian through the exportation of textile and apparels from Haiti Does that really help? This leads to competition amongst other countries such as China and other developing countries that depends on labor. These plans does not improve the agriculture of Haiti Haitian Grassroots organizations rejection of Neoliberal Policies Calls for the repealing of Trade Liberalization policies in Haiti Reform and subsidizing production of local markets Promotion of food security and sovereignty