Natural Selection vs. Selective Breeding Environmental and Human Influences

Natural Selection vs. Selective Breeding Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Method of breeding where humans allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation. Natural Selection vs. Selective Breeding

Guiding Concepts of Natural Selection More offspring are born than will survive and reproduce Organisms that are better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their better adapted traits. Mutations are a source of variation and appear randomly

MUTATIONS?? What? Who’s the mutant? Mutations are normal and typically insignificant 

Natural Selection Mouth parts - ex: beaks, teeth External color - Summary: Organisms with successful traits survive and get to pass their traits on to offspring. Mouth parts - ex: beaks, teeth External color - ex: fur, scales, feathers Behavior - ex: migration, hibernation

Galapagos Islands 1850’s: Charles Darwin described how organisms might change over time. Theory of Evolution 5 years of observations on the islands.

Galapagos Finches

So… Variations within a population (one species) result in minor differences between offspring. Over the course of many generations, the minor variations that are helpful to a species’ survival get selected over and over and over again, becoming more pronounced. Like, an even longer neck…or even sharper claws. Those changes in traits that help survival of the SPECIES are called adaptations. Again, they can be internal, structural, or behavioral.

Discuss with shoulder partners the variations within the following populations.

Selective breeding Domestic Animals Plants: Summary: Human selection of characteristics and behavior. Domestic Animals Ex: Chickens, Dogs, Cows Plants: Ex: Corn, Brasilica, Fruit hybrids

Domestic Animals Various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human use.

How many types of apples are there? Hybrid Fruits Nectarcots Pluots How many types of apples are there?

Assignment: Successfully create a Venn Diagram or Double Bubble Map by completing the three tasks: You must correctly classify all essential terms & concepts in their correct spot on the map. Give 2 examples for each type category supplied by the notes. Research and come up with one additional example for each category.

Essential Terms & Concepts Survival of the Fittest Survival of the useful / Artificial Selection Organisms have variations Some variations are better than others, but for different reasons Organisms survive and thrive with the help of humans More offspring are born than will survive and reproduce Mutations appear randomly Organisms are bred for desired mutations and traits Organisms that are better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their better adapted traits. Organisms that are identified as ideal are allowed to breed and pass their traits to further generations.

Venn Diagram Example Selective Breeding Natural Selection

Double Bubble Map Example Natural Selection Selective Breeding

Selective breeding in corn Additional Resources Selective breeding in corn http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/ http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching- resource/Variation-in-a-Species-3004641/