Protecting Your Pavement Investment Jeff Stokes

4 R’s for Paving Success 1 Risk Management Identifying and minimizing your risk factors 2 Right Repair Knowing the best practices in pavement maintenance 3 Right Delivery Method Selecting the right type of procurement method 4 Right Relationship Achieving value through consistency and trust

Risk Prevention Reducing risk requires knowing: Pavement performance characteristics Predictions based on pavement type and use Proper evaluation techniques Consistent assessment and rating methods Pavement management systems Systematic approach to pavement maintenance

Flexible Pavements Structure Asphalt Concrete Surface Aggregate Base Aggregate Subbase Native Subgrade Asphalt Concrete Surface Native Subgrade Rigid Pavements Typical Pavement Structural Components

Portland Cement Concrete Cement Treated Base Native Subgrade Full Depth Concrete Structure Typical Pavement Structural Components

Design Criteria should include: Material Type –Soil Strength –Base/Granular –Asphaltic Mix Reliability Factor –Cars –Trucks –Frequency –Special Use Pavement Performance Climate Considerations Water in all forms Drainage Options Get it off, keep it off, move it downhill Serviceability Desired Impassable condition to perfect condition

Knowing when to take action. “Paser” or other rating system are used to: –Evaluate Pavement Surfaces –Predict future deterioration and feasible options –Perform cost justification for needed projects (immediate and future) –Select appropriate treatments for each section of pavement Pavement Evaluation

Rating System of PASER 1 to 10 Scale Measures failed surface to excellent surface System has distinct visible distress signs, with recommended surface treatments. –Example: Rating of 8 is very good. Few cracks. Routine crack sealing needed. Seal coat is a good preventative measure. –Example: Rating of 2 is very poor. Surface has potholes and is distorted. Requires significant reconstruction with base repair.

Four Major Categories of Asphalt Surface Distress: 1 Surface Defects Raveling, flushing, polishing 2 Surface Deformation Rutting, rippling and shoving, settling, frost heave 3 Cracking Reflective, transverse, longitudinal, block, and alligator cracks 4 Potholes or Deterioration Phaser Rating Criteria

Surface Rating Visible DistressGeneral Condition / Treatment 10 Excellent None New construction 9 Excellent None Recent overlay, like new No longitudinal cracks except reflection of paving joints. Occasional transverse cracks, widely spaced (40" or greater). All cracks sealed or tight (open 1/4" or less). 8 Very Good Recent sealcoat or new road mix. Little or no maintenance required. Very slight or no raveling, surface shows some traffic wear. Longitudinal cracks (open 1/4") due to reflection or paving joints. Transverse cracks (open 1/4") spaced 10 feet or more apart, little or slight crack raveling. No patching or very few patches in excellent condition. 7 Good First signs of aging. Maintain with routine crack filling. 6 Good PASER RATING SYSTEM University of Wisconsin-Madison, Transportation Information Center© Show signs of aging, sound structural condition. Could extend life with sealcoat. Slight raveling (loss of fines) and traffic wear. Longitudinal cracks (open 1/2") due to reflection and paving joints. Transverse cracking (open 1/2") some spaced less than 10 feet. First sign of block cracking. Slight to moderate flushing or polishing. Occasional patching in good condition.

University of Wisconsin-Madison, Transportation Information Center© Surface RatingVisible DistressGeneral Condition / Treatment Moderate to severe raveling (loss of fine and coarse aggregate). Longitudinal and transverse cracks (open 1/2”) show first signs of slight raveling and secondary cracks. First signs of longitudinal cracks near pavement edge. Block cracking up to 50% of surface. Extensive to severe flushing or polishing. Some patching or edge wedging in good condition. 5 Fair Surface aging, sound structural condition. Needs sealcoat or nonstructural overlay 4 Fair Severe surface raveling. Multiple longitudinal and transverse cracking with slight raveling. Longitudinal cracking in wheel path. Block cracking (over 50% of surface). Patching in fair condition. Slight rutting or distortions (1/2" deep or less). Closely spaced longitudinal and transverse cracks often showing raveling and crack erosion. Severe block cracking. Some alligator cracking (less than 25% of surface). Patches in fair to poor condition. Moderate rutting or distortion (1" or 2" deep). Occasional potholes. 3 Poor 2 Very Poor Alligator cracking (over 25% of surface). Severe distortions (over 2” deep). Extensive patching in poor condition. Potholes. 1 FailedSevere distress with extensive loss of surface integrityFailed. Needs total reconstruction. PASER RATING SYSTEM Significant aging and first signs of need for strengthening. Would benefit from recycling or overlay. Needs patching and major overlay or complete recycling. Severe deterioration. Needs reconstruction with extensive base repair.

A systematic and cost effective plan identifies: Priority of Work Needed Plan of Action to Be Taken Category of work to be performed Cost Estimates Future Budget requirements Pavement Management System

LOT A CONDITION RATING 7 WORK NEEDED - Cracksealing 8,000 lft - Misc. Patching 200 sqyd Building a Plan LOT B: CONDITION RATING 4 WORK NEEDED -1.5” Asphalt Overlay - Misc. Patching

subtotal TOTAL Lot "A" Total Area =36,000sy Cracksealing20,400lf$18, Misc. Patch170sy$15, TOTALS$33, Lot "B" Total Area =48,000sy Cracksealing43,200lf$29, Sealing30,000sy$43, Misc. Patch 45 sy$5, TOTALS$78, Lot "C" Total Area =22,000sy Sealing10,000sy$16, Lot "D" Total Area =40,000sy Cracksealing10,800lf$8, Misc. Patch250sy$25,500.00$33, Lot "E" Total Area =30000sy 33, , , , est. qnty. unit TOTALS MALL PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Sample Maintenance Plan

Start Right to End Right Doing it right the first time requires: Right analysis and prediction methods (PASER) Right type of repair or maintenance method Right product Right application and installation Right maintenance applied Right weather conditions

Pavement Deterioration Un-maintained Surface 8 PAVEMENT AGE (Years) Very Good Fair Failed 75% of life 40% Drop In Quality 17% of life 40% Drop In Quality

Recognizing Pavement Failure Surface Failures Structural Failures Bond Failures Classifications of Pavement Wear

Four Major Categories of Asphalt Surface Distress: 1 Surface Defects Raveling, flushing, polishing 2 Surface Deformation Rutting, rippling and shoving, settling, frost heave 3 Cracking Reflective, transverse, longitudinal, block, and alligator cracks 4 Potholes or Deterioration Paser Rating Criteria

What are the warning signs of pavement distress and failure? Discoloration of the asphalt Potholes Flushing of asphalt Areas of tacky oily substance on top Rutting of pavement Heaving or shoving of pavement Cracking, both longitudinal, transverse, and block Recognizing Pavement Failure

What are the warning signs of pavement distress and failure? Alligator or fatigue cracking Water pumping to surface Mud pumping to surface Raveling or loose gravel on top of surface Slippage cracks Structural failures Shoving/washboarding Standing water/runoff Other

Crack Sealing –Blow or Routing Technique Drainage Correction –Tile System (French Drain), Catch Basins Surface Treatments –Asphalt Emulsion Seals, Chip Seal, Slurry Seal Resurfacing –Overlay –Fabric Underlayment Reconstruction –Milling, Excavation or Combination Maintenance Categories

Selecting the right contractor and building a long term relationship is the key to success. This requires: Clear understanding of your goals and objectives Constructing objectives to meet your goals Time commitment to one another Open and honest communication Having trust as the foundation for relationship Right Relationship

What are the criteria you use for selection of a contractor? What information do you provide the contractor? What time is spent qualifying a contractor? What commitment do you make toward the contractor? Quiz Time

Let me Guess? Honest and ethical treatment Best application for long term results On time and within budget Quality job with no complaints Fair value for your dollar Knowledgeable personnel

1.Depth of resources 2.Reputation 3.Management structure 4.Capacity 5.Financial capability 6.Resume in type of job being performed What’s Really Matters? 7. Project approach 8. Innovation/problem solving 9. Core competencies & values 10. Key personnel for project 11. Quality and safety plan 12. History of disputes/litigation

Contractors Deserve To build a partnership your contractors needs to know: Your values Your short and long term plan Your financial strength A fair contract and terms Your time and energy A fair and consistent process for selection To be treated as part of the team A fair return on their investment

RFQ’s & Estimates The more clear you are with your goals and needs the better the outcome. Remember to specify the “soft issues” as well in your RFQ. Too many times, it includes only technical needs. Be sure to request a clear project plan as part of requirements. Be clear about selection criteria for provider beyond just price.

Detailed Solution

Partnerships What makes a good partnership? Open and honest communication Good value proposition for dollars spent Long term vision by both parties Continuous Improvement Trust Reliability Customer Satisfaction

Sample Contractor Needs

Sample Customer Needs

In Conclusion- The 4 R’s Risk Management requires good design and maintenance strategies. Selecting the Right Repair requires knowledge in pavement analysis and methods. The Right Delivery Method is one that ensures that proper quality and performance are maximized. Ultimately, the Right Relationships are the key to long term success and value.