Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Ciência 2010 Encontro com a Ciência e a Tecnologia em Portugal July

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Urban areas are characterized by a concentration of economic activities, a high demography and large material stock densities inducing high energy and material flows. These flows represent potential ecosystem impacts with their scale ranging from local, to regional, to global. In order to promote a sustainable material flows management of urban regions, it is vital to understand the urban metabolism and this requires a detailed knowledge of material flows. The Need for Material Flow Accounting

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Objectives Characterize Lisbon metabolism in 2004 Measure material flows generated by activities taking place in Lisbon Spatial Boundaries Lisbon city < Lisbon Region or Lisbon Metropolitan Area < Portugal Assumptions & Constraints Lack of available statistical data at the municipal level No real borders exist Commuters Domestic extraction null or residual Strong relation in terms of trade (materials or products) with surrounding region Lisbon City Material Balance

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Databases Input | Output international trade national transport of goods waste production sales Socio-Economic characterization population commuters purchasing power commercial establishments retail and wholesale companies workers... MFA Adjustments to Lisbon Characteristics Generic MFA scheme Applied to Lisbon assumptions Domestic extraction minerals fossil fuels biomass Imports Adition to stock Material Stock To Nature emissions, waste, dissipating flows Exports INPUTOUTPUT ECONOMY Crossing Flow Imports Accumulation Stock To Nature emissions, waste, dissipating flows INPUTOUTPUT ECONOMY Addition to stock Material Stock

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Allowed to Characterize Four Variables 1 absolute consumption and final disposal of materials, per category 2 materials throughput – materials added to the city material stock 3 activity sectors consumption 4 waste treatment per material category and treatment type The first two variables allowed the quantification of Lisbon’s material balance while the others helped the characterization of the city material consumption Methodology

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Eurostat material categories Biomass, fossil fuels, metallic and non metallic minerals and non specified Analysis of every product through all categories monomaterial, industrial production survey (IPS), specific data Paper and cardboard - monomaterial (biomass) Textiles - IPS (biomass 66% and fossil fuels 34%) Automobiles - Valorcar (fossil fuels 22%, metals 75% and non metals 3%) Scarce scientific bibliography Defined categories of flows that leave the economy 1 less than 1 year - e.g. food, fertilizers, packaging, petrol 2 between 2 and 10 years - e.g. toys, computers 3 between 11 and 30 years - e.g. vehicles, household appliances 4 more than 30 years - buildings, infrastructures Solving Data Constraints 1:2

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez From Lisbon region to Lisbon city no. workers per Economic Activity Code (EAC) purchasing power indicator of the population (IpC) Analysis of every product through all categories identification of destination economic activity retail % affected by purchasing power wholesale % affected by no. of workers Solving Data Constraints 2:2 Retail (Lx pop x Lx IpC) (LR pop. x LR IpC) Wholesale (Lx EAC no. work.) (LR EAC no. work.)

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Products composition matrix(%) Products mass flow matrix (kg), Pjk (k- mass amounts) Lisbon quota matrix (%), Ljl (l- mass percentages) Material matrix (kg): Mathematical Formulation M =M =A xA x P xP x L i – Materials j - Products Agriculture biomass, Forestry biomass, Fishing biomass, Fossil fuels, Metals, Non-metalic minerals,

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Consumption distribution no. workers in each destination Economic Activity retail, wholesale and industry activities Example Meat products entering Lisbon Solving Data Constraints 3:3 households destination % (no. of work. meat retail) (no. of work. meat retail + wholesale) restaurants and hotels % (no. of work. meat wholesale) (no. of work. meat retail + wholesale)

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Results Input: 11,2Mt Output (solid waste): 0,627Mt + 1,67Mt from air emissions, wastewater (solid fraction) and C&D Waste Addition to Stock (total 2004): 8,8Mt 0,10Mt Missing Recommendations Extend scale of analysis Keep accounting to perform a dynamic analysis (time series) Detailed analysis of economic activities subsystems e.g. Construction and household Include other indicators (environmental, social and economic) Enhance potential for urban planning Results & Recommendations

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Quantify Material Flows for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area Establish the methodological framework Measure a time series of Material Flows ( ) Identify proxies for flows distribution among the fundamental spatial scales, namely using GIS information database to locate activities per neighboorhood and to measure Major differences from previous study Existence of available statistical data at the regional level No problem with commuters Significant domestic extraction Less effect of crossing flows Double counting due to industrial activities have to be taken into account Extended LMA Objectives

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Input output and addition to stocks in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area will be measured, using mainly data from Trade Statistics. The standard mass balance will be made (imports and local extraction = addition to stock and exports and emissions, and waste produced by perishable goods). Methodology i = products imp = imports de = domestic extraction rec = recycling as = addition to stock exp = exports wp = waste production em = emissions

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Eurostat links different product nomenclatures: CN, PRODCOM, COICOP Use of Combined Nomenclature > product types as the basis for translation into other product databases 28 categories of materials Choice of material categories based on Eurostat MFA, recycling technologies and other classifications from MFA studies Detailing Material Types 1|2

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Detailing Material Types 2|2

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez 4 categories of products The identification of raw materials, intermediate products, final goods and waste is crucial to distribute among economic activities and to establish average lifetimes Including Material state a = products b = product type i = raw material j = intermediate product k = final good l = waste

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Construct a database of average lifetimes taking into account that: - raw materials, intermediate products and perishable goods are considered having less than 1 year of lifetime - identify frequency of acquisition of products by analyzing household expenditure surveys and market studies. - get information about the real destination of used products, through web survey of the iTeam project Application of distribution equations Expanding the detail on lifespan

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez A further step on the MFA regards the establishment of a distribution among the different economic activities. The distribution among the different sectors is done by assigning % to the products regarding their destination (>60 sectors). Distribution of raw materials and intermediate products is being made through the use of input output tables where economic flows from origin to destination activities is tracked. Including Economic Activities Distribution 1|2

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez Including Economic Activities Distribution 2|2 Code PRODUCTS (CPA) 01Products of agriculture, hunting and related services 02Products of forestry, logging and related services 05Fish and other fishing products; services incidental of fishing 10Coal and lignite; peat 11Crude petroleum and natural gas; services incidental to oil and gas extraction excluding surveying 12Uranium and thorium ores 13Metal ores 14Other mining and quarrying products 15Food products and beverages 16Tobacco products 17Textiles 18Wearing apparel; furs 19Leather and leather products 20Wood and products of wood and cork (except furniture); articles of straw and plaiting materials 21Pulp, paper and paper products 22Printed matter and recorded media 23Coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuels 24Chemicals, chemical products and man-made fibres 25Rubber and plastic products 26Other non-metallic mineral products 27Basic metals 28Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 29Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 30Office machinery and computers 31Electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c. 32Radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus 33Medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks 34Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 35Other transport equipment 36Furniture; other manufactured goods n.e.c. 37Secondary raw materials 40Electrical energy, gas, steam and hot water 41Collected and purified water, distribution services of water 45Construction work 50Trade, maintenance and repair services of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel 51Wholesale trade and commission trade services, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 52Retail trade services, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair services of personal and household goods 55Hotel and restaurant services 60Land transport; transport via pipeline services 61Water transport services 62Air transport services 63Supporting and auxiliary transport services; travel agency services 64Post and telecommunication services 65Financial intermediation services, except insurance and pension funding services 66Insurance and pension funding services, except compulsory social security services 67Services auxiliary to financial intermediation 70Real estate services 71Renting services of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods 72Computer and related services 73Research and development services 74Other business services 75Public administration and defence services; compulsory social security services 80Education services 85Health and social work services 90Sewage and refuse disposal services, sanitation and similar services 91Membership organisation services n.e.c. 92Recreational, cultural and sporting services 93Other services 95Private households with employed persons

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez - Finish lifetime database & economic activities disaggregation - Make calculation for 2002 – 2006 yearly MFA - Paper about Lisbon city Material Balance PUBLISHED at JIE - Draft paper with framework and preliminary results DONE - Preparation of paper with Extended MFA for LMA - PhD Work is being used in iTeam & Resist research projects Deliverables & Next Steps

Urban Metabolism The Lisbon case study Leonardo Rosado, Samuel Niza, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernandez