Intraspecific Relationships

Groupings Many animals live in groups. Examples? There must be some sort of survival advantage from doing this. Advantages: Improving young rearing Protection from predation Effective migration Shared learning Breeding success Division of labour Environmental manipulation Shared Feeding

Territory and Home Range Territory - A defended area. Territorial animals defend areas that contain a nest, den or mating site and sufficient food resources for themselves and their young. Scent marking (also known as spraying) is used by by some species to mark their territory eg Jaguars

Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris) fighting for territory and mates .

http://www. britannica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/18520/Two-jawfish-engaging-in-a-territorial-dispute

Home Range – the area an animal uses to find food, mates and other resources. This area is shared with other members of the same species

Hierarchy dominance hierarchy, a form of animal social structure in which a linear or nearly linear ranking exists, with each animal dominant over those below it and submissive to those above it in the hierarchy. Dominance hierarchies are best known in social mammals, such as baboons and wolves, and in birds, notably chickens (in which the term peck order or peck right is often applied).

Pecking Order Monkey chip activity Dominant

Alpha male and female In social animals, the alpha is the individual in the community with the highest rank. Male or female individuals or both can be alphas, depending on their species. Wolf pack in Yellowstone

Workbook Pgs 89 – 90