Dietary Supplements Definition- product (other than tobacco) intended to enhance the diet that contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs and/or other botanicals.

Dietary Supplements Vitamins Vitamins organic compounds essential in small amounts. organic compounds essential in small amounts. A balanced diet will obtain nutrients needed A balanced diet will obtain nutrients needed Only a weight training program will build muscles Only a weight training program will build muscles Vitamins do not provide energy, it helps the body access and use the energy in carb, proteins and fats. Vitamins do not provide energy, it helps the body access and use the energy in carb, proteins and fats.

Dietary Supplements Glucosamine-substance produced naturally by the body: often used as a supplement to maintain cartilage in the joints. Glucosamine-substance produced naturally by the body: often used as a supplement to maintain cartilage in the joints. Chondroitin-naturally occurring substance in humans and animals: often used as a supplement to treat osteoarthritis. Chondroitin-naturally occurring substance in humans and animals: often used as a supplement to treat osteoarthritis.

Performance Enhancers Ergogenic aid- any agent that enhances energy utilization, including energy production and efficiency. (book) Ergogenic aid- any agent that enhances energy utilization, including energy production and efficiency. (book) Ergogenic Aid- any agent that enhances performance. (Jen Croll) Ergogenic Aid- any agent that enhances performance. (Jen Croll)

Performance Enhancers It is estimated that between 1 and 3 million athletes in the USA have used anabolic steroids. It is estimated that between 1 and 3 million athletes in the USA have used anabolic steroids.

Performance Enhancers Anabolic Steroids-substances that are used to enhance metabolism and thus act to build up the body tissues Anabolic Steroids-substances that are used to enhance metabolism and thus act to build up the body tissues Anabolic-muscle building Anabolic-muscle building Androgenic-masculine characteristics Androgenic-masculine characteristics Steroids-specific class of drugs Steroids-specific class of drugs

Performance Enhancers Anabolic Steroids- Anabolic Steroids- Used to enhance appearance and performance Used to enhance appearance and performance Stacking/cycling-cycling on and off weeks/months with different drugs to get max effect and min side effects. Stacking/cycling-cycling on and off weeks/months with different drugs to get max effect and min side effects.

Performance Enhancers Anabolic steroids- Anabolic steroids- Numerous side effects (pg 156) Numerous side effects (pg 156) Approximately 10% of men in one clinic say steroids was their gateway drug to others. They did this to counteract side effects from the steroids. Approximately 10% of men in one clinic say steroids was their gateway drug to others. They did this to counteract side effects from the steroids.

Performance Enhancers Growth hormones- a substance naturally produced in the body by the pituitary gland, it work to increase conversion of amino acids into protein. It allows fat to be used as an energy source instead of muscle glycogen. Growth hormones- a substance naturally produced in the body by the pituitary gland, it work to increase conversion of amino acids into protein. It allows fat to be used as an energy source instead of muscle glycogen. Side Effects-heart disease, impotence, osteoporosis and death. Side Effects-heart disease, impotence, osteoporosis and death.

Performance Enhancers Androstenedione-hormone naturally produced in the body of both men and women. It is a testosterone precursor. (page 158) Androstenedione-hormone naturally produced in the body of both men and women. It is a testosterone precursor. (page 158) It is a OTC dietary supplement that is banned by the IOC, NFL, and NCAA. It is a OTC dietary supplement that is banned by the IOC, NFL, and NCAA. It is marketed to athletes to build muscle and recovery from injury time. It is marketed to athletes to build muscle and recovery from injury time.

Performance Enhancers Caffeine-stimulant that is believed to enhance endurance and improve reaction times. Caffeine-stimulant that is believed to enhance endurance and improve reaction times. High levels can cause sleeplessness, anxiety, headache, upset stomach nervousness and dehydration. High levels can cause sleeplessness, anxiety, headache, upset stomach nervousness and dehydration. IOC has banned it above certain levels. IOC has banned it above certain levels.

Performance Enhancers Creatine Monohydrate-amino acid, found naturally in skeletal muscle that is stored for quick energy and is used as a supplement to increase skeletal muscle. Creatine Monohydrate-amino acid, found naturally in skeletal muscle that is stored for quick energy and is used as a supplement to increase skeletal muscle.

Performance Enhancers Creatine Monohydrate Creatine Monohydrate Found in the liver and kidneys Found in the liver and kidneys 1992 study found it increase muscle by 20% 1992 study found it increase muscle by 20% It increases energy produced during exercise, allows strenuous exercise for a longer period. It increases energy produced during exercise, allows strenuous exercise for a longer period. Novice athletes benefit, not elite ones. Novice athletes benefit, not elite ones. May slow long term production of creatine in body May slow long term production of creatine in body

Performance Enhancers Ephedra/Ephedrine/Ma Huang- stimulant used to boost energy and promote weight loss. Ephedra/Ephedrine/Ma Huang- stimulant used to boost energy and promote weight loss. It is a dietary supplement sold over the counter but it is banned by the IOC,NCAA, and NFL. It is a dietary supplement sold over the counter but it is banned by the IOC,NCAA, and NFL.

Performance Enhancers Ephedra Ephedra Often contained in products with caffine. Often contained in products with caffine. Potentially lethal Potentially lethal Can cause High blood pressure, rapid heart rate, nerve damage, muscle injury, psychosis, stroke, memory loss, heart rate irregularities, insomnia, nervousness, tremors, seizures, heart attack and death. Can cause High blood pressure, rapid heart rate, nerve damage, muscle injury, psychosis, stroke, memory loss, heart rate irregularities, insomnia, nervousness, tremors, seizures, heart attack and death.

Performance Enhancers Ephedra Ephedra What athlete may have died from it in Feb 2003? Steve Bechler- died after Taking 3 pills on empty stomach

International Olympic Committe The IOC Medical Commission was created in 1961 to deal with increased doping problem. The IOC Medical Commission was created in 1961 to deal with increased doping problem. Doping-unnatural use of any substance or means to gain an unfair edge. Doping-unnatural use of any substance or means to gain an unfair edge.

IOC Medical Commission Protection of the health of athletes Protection of the health of athletes Respect for both medical and sport ethics Respect for both medical and sport ethics Equality for all competing athletes. Equality for all competing athletes.

NCAA Urine test for Stimulants, anabolic steroids, and other drugs. Urine test for Stimulants, anabolic steroids, and other drugs. Some schools test random, a few from each team. Others test a whole team, especially if there have been problems. Some schools test random, a few from each team. Others test a whole team, especially if there have been problems.

Ethics in Athletics Athletic code of ethics-a tool to clarify and distinguish proper practices from those that can be detrimental and harmful. Athletic code of ethics-a tool to clarify and distinguish proper practices from those that can be detrimental and harmful. Ethics-standard of character that affords confidence and trust. Ethics-standard of character that affords confidence and trust. Honesty Honesty Integrity Integrity