Techniques for data analysis A Trade union training on research methodology, TMLC, Kisumu, Kenya 6-10 December 2010 Presentation by Mohammed Mwamadzingo, ACTRAV Geneva 1

The research process Topic Statement of the problem Objectives Research Questions Literature review Data collection Data Analysis Report writing 2

Data analysis 3 The data analysis process includes -data sorting, -data editing, -data coding, -data entry, -data cleaning, -data processing and -interpretation of the results.

Data analysis 4 1. Data Sorting-involves the rearrangement of the collected data to allow systematic handling. It’s the beginning of detection, correction and avoidance of errors 2. Data Editing-Involves reading through the filled questionnaires (primary data), records to spot any inconsistencies and/or errors which occurred during data collection..

Data analysis 5 Data coding-Process of creation of dummy variables names (short names assigned to each study variable). The code allows the researcher to minimize errors during data entry and processing and provides easy interpretations of results. Data Entry-the actual keying of data according to the assigned codes. It requires a high degree of keenness and patience.

Data analysis 6 Data Cleaning-Involve conducting a final check on the data file for accuracy, erroneous data, completeness and consistency. Data Processing-subjected the prepared data to the software processor which then manipulates/ computes/processes the data and output results. Interpretation of results-understanding of the output relative to the subject matter.

Data analysis 7 Hypothesis testing The statistical inferential procedure in which a statement based on some experimental or observational study is formulated, tested, and then put through a decision process. The decision process either accepts or rejects the statement

Data analysis 8 Tests for testing of Hypothesis Correlation studies Regression Analysis Chi-square test One sample T-test Independent T-test Paired sample T-test F-Test

Data analysis 9 Presentation of data analysis Analysis of the Response Rate How many questionnaires were issued, how many where returned and what is that response rate Analysis of the Background Information Analyze the background information of the questionnaire. i.e. sex, education, age, marital status, etc Quantitative Analysis Analyze and present results of the closed-ended questions Qualitative Analysis Analyze and present results of the open-ended questions