Blood Aka red gold

The average adult has about 5 Liters of blood living inside their body, delivering essential elements and removing harmful wastes. The average adult has about 5 Liters of blood living inside their body, delivering essential elements and removing harmful wastes. Without blood, the human body would stop working. Without blood, the human body would stop working.

Red blood cells –Makes up 95% of blood cells –Red b/c of hemoglobin which contains iron (why blood tastes like pennies) –Oxygen attaches to hemoglobin –Released to tissues –Empty hemoglobin bond w/ carbon dioxide molecules and other waste gases, taking it away.

RBC’s Life cycle of 120 days Life cycle of 120 days Used to replace blood loss in surgery and accidents Used to replace blood loss in surgery and accidents Used to treat patients w/chronic anemias like sickle cell. Used to treat patients w/chronic anemias like sickle cell.

White blood cells –7,000-25,000 white blood cells in a drop of blood –Help to fight against germs and infection –Can produce protective antibodies –Can surround and devour bacteria –Life span varies depending on function

The fluid of life Plasma Plasma –Makes up 55% of blood –Straw-colored clear liquid –Approx 90% water –Contains minerals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium –Also contains sugars, salts, hormones, lipids and proteins –Used for treatment of burns or shock

THE FLUID OF LIFE Platelets Platelets –Irregularly shaped fragments of cells that help form blood clots –Clump together and adhere to the walls of blood vessels at the site of the wound –Used to treat leukemia

Blood Is Not Blue There is a misconception that blood is blue and then hits oxygen to turn red. That is not true!!! There is a misconception that blood is blue and then hits oxygen to turn red. That is not true!!! Arterial blood is a bright red and venous blood is a dark cherry red. Arterial blood is a bright red and venous blood is a dark cherry red.

Why are Veins Blue? Veins appear blue because light, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and reflected back to the eye. Since only the higher energy wavelengths can do this (lower energy wavelengths just don't have the *oomph*), only higher energy wavelengths are seen. And higher energy wavelengths are what we call "blue." Veins appear blue because light, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and reflected back to the eye. Since only the higher energy wavelengths can do this (lower energy wavelengths just don't have the *oomph*), only higher energy wavelengths are seen. And higher energy wavelengths are what we call "blue."

Blood Types most common blood type classification system = ABO system discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s. most common blood type classification system = ABO system discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s. four types of blood : A, B, AB, and O.blood cells. four types of blood : A, B, AB, and O.blood cells.

Blood Types Your blood type is established before you are born, by specific genes inherited from your parents. Your blood type is established before you are born, by specific genes inherited from your parents. These two genes determine your blood type by causing proteins called agglutinogens to exist on the surface of all of your red These two genes determine your blood type by causing proteins called agglutinogens to exist on the surface of all of your red

There are three alleles or versions of the blood type gene: A, B, and O. There are three alleles or versions of the blood type gene: A, B, and O. Since everybody has two copies of these genes, there are six possible combinations; AA, BB, OO, AB, AO, and BO. Since everybody has two copies of these genes, there are six possible combinations; AA, BB, OO, AB, AO, and BO. these combinations are called genotypes these combinations are called genotypes

Blood Transfusions 4 types of blood = possibility of transfusion 4 types of blood = possibility of transfusion Agglutinogens must match between donor and recipient Agglutinogens must match between donor and recipient If the blood types don't match, special antibodies in the recipient's blood, called agglutinins, will attack the donated blood causing blood clots to form in a reaction called agglutination. If the blood types don't match, special antibodies in the recipient's blood, called agglutinins, will attack the donated blood causing blood clots to form in a reaction called agglutination.

People with O blood are said to be universal donors People with O blood are said to be universal donors However, people with type O blood can only receive transfusions from other type O donors However, people with type O blood can only receive transfusions from other type O donors People with AB blood are said to be universal recipients because they can receive blood from people with all four blood types People with AB blood are said to be universal recipients because they can receive blood from people with all four blood types

Blood Disease: Anemia Anemia: less than the normal number of red blood cells in your blood or when the red blood cells don't have enough hemoglobin Anemia: less than the normal number of red blood cells in your blood or when the red blood cells don't have enough hemoglobin Women and people with chronic diseases are at the greatest risk. Women and people with chronic diseases are at the greatest risk. Anemia happens when: Anemia happens when: 1. the body loses too much blood (such as with heavy periods, certain diseases, and trauma); or 2. the body has problems making red blood cells; or 3. red blood cells break down or die faster than the body can replace them with new ones.

Blood Disease-Leukemia Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. It starts in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside most bones. Bone marrow is where blood cells are made. Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. It starts in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside most bones. Bone marrow is where blood cells are made. the bone marrow starts to make a lot of abnormal white blood cells the bone marrow starts to make a lot of abnormal white blood cells They don't do the work of normal white blood cells, they grow faster than normal cells, and they don't stop growing when they should. They don't do the work of normal white blood cells, they grow faster than normal cells, and they don't stop growing when they should.

Leukemia You are more likely to get leukemia if you: You are more likely to get leukemia if you: Were exposed to large amounts of radiation. Were exposed to large amounts of radiation. Were exposed to certain chemicals at work, such as benzene. Were exposed to certain chemicals at work, such as benzene. Had some types of chemotherapy to treat another cancer. Had some types of chemotherapy to treat another cancer. chemotherapy Have Down syndrome or some other genetic problems. Have Down syndrome or some other genetic problems.Down syndromeDown syndrome Smoke. Smoke. But most people who have these risk factors don't get leukemia. And most people who get leukemia do not have any known risk factors. But most people who have these risk factors don't get leukemia. And most people who get leukemia do not have any known risk factors.

Sickle Cell Disease In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a “sickle”. In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a “sickle”. The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems.

Sickle Cell Disease People at high risk for having sickle cell trait are those whose ancestors come from Africa, South or Central America, Caribbean, Mediterranean countries, India, and Saudi Arabia. People at high risk for having sickle cell trait are those whose ancestors come from Africa, South or Central America, Caribbean, Mediterranean countries, India, and Saudi Arabia.