What am I? Not an issue confined to history Not an issue that only exists in certain countries It’s a global problem It’s a growing issue, affecting men, women and children. In the UK in a 40% increase on the number of cases reported in 2014 It can include people that have been brought from overseas It can include vulnerable people in the UK

Modern Slavery

Human Trafficking What: Human Trafficking is the recruitment or movement of persons, by means of the threat or use of force, deception or coercion for the purpose of exploitation. How: People are tricked into situations where they are bought, sold, abused, and exploited in many different ways. Men, women and children are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders. WHY? People are trafficked primarily for financial gain. Human Trafficking is a multi-billion dollar industry it is a high profit, low risk crime. It is easier to move people around than at any other time in history. This means that criminal gangs are preying on vulnerable people in highly sophisticated ways.

WHO IS AFFECTED? Modern Slavery and human trafficking is an international crime, affecting an estimated 29.8 million slaves around the world. 2.4 million people trafficked each year (UN) Lucrative as drug smuggling and arms dealing- serious organised crime ,000 in slavery in the UK It is a global problem that transcends age, gender and ethnicities, including here in the UK and it’s important that we bring this hidden crime into the open. It can include victims that have been brought from overseas, and vulnerable people in the UK, being forced to illegally work against their will in many different sectors, including brothels, cannabis farms, nail bars, car washes and agriculture.

Gloucestershire Gloucestershire Police - Public Protection Bureau leading fight against traffickers in the county. Cases- 5 people from a family forced 19 men into slavery.- Forced Labour. Convicted 6 and a half years Dec Assets confiscated and ordered to pay 2 million. Method- pick up homeless men and forced to work in paving business. Lived in squalid caravans. Controlled by discipline and violence. Beaten with tools and belts etc. Horrendous torture on some, witnessed by others. Paid £5 a day Convictions of SE Asian offenders Managing a brothel. No longer seeing SE women being exploited in the county. Shift to Eastern European in line with national trends.

Slavery Types

SEXUAL EXPLOITATION Victims are forced to perform non-consensual or abusive sexual acts against their will, such as prostitution, escort work and pornography. Whilst women and children make up the majority of victims, men can also be affected. Adults are coerced often under the threat of force.

FORCED LABOUR/DEBT BONDAGE Victims are forced to work to pay off debts that realistically they never will be able to. Low wages and increased debts mean not only that they cannot ever hope to pay off the loan, but the debt may be passed down to their children.

CRIMINAL EXPLOITATION Often controlled and maltreated, victims are forced into crimes such as cannabis cultivation or pick pocketing against their will.

DOMESTIC SERVITUDE Victims are forced to carry out housework and domestic chores in private households with little or no pay, restricted movement, very limited or no free time and minimal privacy often sleeping where they work.

How to spot the signs of modern slavery Signs of slavery in the UK and elsewhere are often hidden, making it even harder to recognise victims around us. Here is a list of some common signs which you can be aware of. 1.PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Victims may show signs of physical or psychological abuse, look under-fed or scruff, or appear withdrawn 2.ISOLATION Victims may rarely be allowed to travel on their own, seem under the control, influence of others, rarely interact or appear unfamiliar with their neighbourhood or where they work

3. POOR LIVING CONDITIONS Victims may be living in dirty, cramped or overcrowded accommodation, and / or living and working at the same address 4. FEW OR NO PERSONAL EFFECTS Victims may have no identification documents, have few personal possessions and always wear the same clothes day in day out. What clothes they do wear may not be suitable for their work 5. RESTRICTED FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT Victims have little opportunity to move freely and may have had their travel documents retained, e.g. passports

6. UNUSUAL TRAVEL TIMES They may be dropped off / collected for work on a regular basis either very early or late at night. 7. RELUCTANT TO SEEK HELP Victims may avoid eye contact, appear frightened or hesitant to talk to strangers and fear law enforcers for many reasons, such as not knowing who to trust or where to get help, fear of deportation, fear of violence to them or their family.