1 CLA June 2, 2010 IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA presented by Pat Riva

2 CLA June 2, 2010 Outline ● What are FRBR and FRAD ● FRBR and FRAD within RDA ● Users and User tasks ● Entities / Attributes ● Relationships ● Introduction to FRSAD ● FRBR Review Group projects

3 CLA June 2, 2010 FRBR ● Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ● IFLA Cataloguing Section study group ● Published 1998

4 CLA June 2, 2010 FRAD ● Functional Requirements for Authority Data ● IFLA Division of Bibliographic Control working group ● Published June 2009

5 CLA June 2, 2010 FRBR and FRAD Methodology ● Entity-relationship (E-R) models ● Define entities ● List their attributes ● Identify the relationships between the entities ● Map to user tasks

6 CLA June 2, 2010 FRBR/FRAD within RDA ● FRBR and FRAD concepts and terminology are integrated into the basic structure of RDA ● RDA's organization: ● Recording Attributes (of the 11 bibliographic entities) ● Recording Relationships (by groups of entities) ● FRBR and FRAD User tasks pervasive

7 CLA June 2, 2010 Users in FRBR and FRAD ● End-users of information retrieval systems ● Information workers assisting users ● Information workers maintaining databases ● Information workers who create, maintain and use authority data directly ● End-users who interact with authority data (directly or indirectly)

8 CLA June 2, 2010 FRBR User Tasks ● Find resources that correspond to the search criteria ● Identify a resource as being the one sought ● Select an appropriate resource ● Obtain access to the resource described

9 CLA June 2, 2010 FRAD User Tasks Find entities corresponding to stated criteria, or explore the universe of bibliographic entities Identify an entity as being the one sought, or to validate the form of name to be used for a controlled access point Contextualize (clarify) Justify (understand)

10 CLA June 2, 2010 FRAD User Task: Contextualize ● Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context ● clarify the relationship between two or more persons, corporate bodies, works, etc. ● clarify the relationship between a person, corporate body, etc., and a name by which that person, corporate body, etc., is known

11 CLA June 2, 2010 FRAD User Task: Justify ● Document the authority data creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which a controlled access point is based In other words: ● To understand why a particular name or title, or form of name or title, has been chosen as the preferred name or title for the entity

12 CLA June 2, 2010 Groups of Entities in FRBR ● Group 1: Products of intellectual or artistic endeavor ● Group 2: Responsible for group 1 entities ● Group 3: Subjects of works

13 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 1 Entities ● Focus of bibliographic records ● 2 abstract entities reflect content work expression ● 2 concrete entities reflect form/carrier manifestation item

14 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Item A single exemplar of a manifestation Concrete, usually physical, thing held in library collections A “copy” of a publication, may be made up of multiple parts (volumes in a set)

15 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Manifestation The physical embodiment of an expression of a work The set of all items bearing the same characteristics, both physical form and content Either a published edition, or a single unpublished item

16 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Expression The intellectual or artistic realization of a work The specific form a work takes when realized Specific sequence of words in a textual work, of notes in a musical work, etc.

17 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Work A distinct intellectual or artistic creation Abstraction of the commonality of content of its various expressions Does not correspond to any single physical thing

18 CLA June 2, 2010 What is a “book”? Item Manifestation Expression Work I have lost my book. We should order that book. I'd like to read that book in English. That movie is based on my favourite book.

19 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 1 Entities WORK realized through EXPRESSION embodied in MANIFESTATION exemplified by ITEM

20 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Work ● Title ● Form ● Date And also: ● Other distinguishing characteristic ● Medium, designation, key of music ● L'avare ● Play ● 1668

21 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Expression ● Title ● Form (media type) ● Date ● Language And others specific to types of content ● The miser ● Text ● 1987 ● English

22 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Manifestation ● Title ● Responsibility ● Place of publication ● Publisher ● Date ● Form of carrier ● Extent ● Dimensions ● Identifier ● The miser : a comedy ● a new translation by Albert Bermel ● New York, NY ● Applause Theatre Book Publishers ● 1987 ● Printed book ● 126 pages ● 19 cm ● ISBN

23 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Item ● Identifier ● Provenance ● Annotations / Inscriptions And also: ● Exhibit history ● Condition ● Access restrictions ● PQ1825 E5 1987b ● Purchase ● None

24 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 2 Entities ● Person ● Family (added by FRAD) ● Corporate Body

25 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Person An individual or a persona established or adopted by an individual or group (FRAD) A bibliographic person, may not be a real individual Consider joint pseudonyms, multiple pseudonyms used by one real person

26 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Family Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, civil union, or similar legal status, or who otherwise present themselves as a family New to library cataloguing rules From ISAAR(CPF), archival description

27 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Corporate Body An organization or group of persons and/or organizations identified by a particular name acting as a unit Must be named Includes meetings, congresses Includes governments

28 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Person ● Dates (birth, death, activity) ● Title (Duke, Sir, Prof., Dr.) ● Gender ● Place (birth, death, residence) ● Language ● Field of activity ● Other information elements (Saint, Jr.)

29 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Family ● Type of family (clan, dynasty) ● Dates associated ● Place (residence, association) ● Field of activity ● History of family

30 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Corporate Body ● Place (located in, held in) ● Dates (when held, when active) ● Language ● Address ● Field of activity ● History ● Other information (legal status, qualifiers)

31 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 2 Entities PERSON FAMILY CORPORATE BODY responsible for group 1 entities: work expression manifestation item

32 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 2 Primary Relationships Levels of responsibility: Item Manifestation Expression Work Example: A library Applause Theatre Book Publishers Albert Bermel Molière

33 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 3 Entities Serve as subjects of works ● Concept (an abstract notion or idea) ● Object (a material thing) ● Event (an action or occurrence) ● Place (a location)

34 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 3 Entities CONCEPT OBJECT EVENT PLACE + group 1 and 2 entities subject relationships to group 1 entity: WORK

35 CLA June 2, 2010 Group 3 Entities within RDA ● For first release, only entity Place ● Only jurisdictions ● Placeholder chapters for Concept, Object, Event ● (except named events acting as corporate bodies) ● Placeholders for subject relationships

36 CLA June 2, 2010 FRAD Entities Name Identifier Controlled access point Rules Agency

37 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Name A character or group of words and/or characters by which an entity is known in the real world The basic name or term itself As found in the “real” world

38 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Identifier A number, code, word, phrase, logo, device, etc. that is associated with an entity, and serves to differentiate that entity from other entities within the domain in which the identifier is assigned Not only bibliographic identifiers

39 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Controlled Access Point A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found Includes established / authorized / preferred forms of names and variant forms of names (references)

40 CLA June 2, 2010 Basic FRAD Model BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTITIES known by NAMES and / or IDENTIFIERS basis for CONTROLLED ACCESS POINTS

41 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Rules ● A set of instructions relating to the formulation and/or recording of controlled access points (authorized forms, variant forms or references, etc.) ● Includes cataloguing rules and interpretations ● Includes coding conventions

42 CLA June 2, 2010 Definition: Agency ● An organization responsible for creating or modifying a controlled access point ● and for the application and interpretation of the rules it creates and/or uses

43 CLA June 2, 2010 FRAD Entities within RDA ● RDA about authority data, not records ● Separation between a Name (or Identifier) and a Controlled Access Point based on it ● Recording of attributes whether needed to construct an access point or not ● Both preferred and variant forms of names -- Controlled Access Points

44 CLA June 2, 2010 Relationships in the Catalogue Provide structure Collocation ● Enables the user tasks Find and Identify Allow navigation

45 CLA June 2, 2010 Types of Bibliographic Relationships ● Equivalence ● Derivative ● Descriptive ● Whole-part ● Accompanying ● Sequential ● Shared characteristic

46 CLA June 2, 2010 Bibliographic Relationships ● Between Group 1 entities ● work-to-work (e.g. supplements, adaptations, whole/part) ● expressions (e.g. revisions, translations) ● manifestations (e.g. reproductions, alternate formats)

47 CLA June 2, 2010 Authority Relationships Between different Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies, and Works Between the various Names of Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies, and Works Between different Controlled Access Points for the same entity

48 CLA June 2, 2010 FRSAD ● Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data ● IFLA Classification and Indexing Section working group ● June 2009, first draft for world-wide review ● May 2010 revised draft under discussion ● This talk based on May 2010 draft

49 CLA June 2, 2010 FRSAD and RDA ● FRSAD isn't directly related to RDA ● A very high-level (general) model ● Applies to both classification and subject access through controlled vocabulary ● FRBR group 3 only one implementation

50 CLA June 2, 2010 Users in FRSAD ● Information professionals who create and maintain subject authority data and metadata ● Anyone who searches for information as an intermediary ● End-users of information retrieval systems

51 CLA June 2, 2010 FRSAD User Tasks ● Find subjects that correspond to the search criteria ● Identify a subject as being the one sought ● Select a subject that is appropriate to the user's need ● Explore relationships between subjects and/or their appellations

52 CLA June 2, 2010 FRSAD User Task: Explore ● To explore relationships in order to understand the structure of a subject domain and its terminology

53 CLA June 2, 2010 FRSAD Entities Work (as in FRBR) Thema Any entity used as the subject of a Work Nomen Any sign or sequence of signs by which a Thema is known, referred to, or addressed

54 CLA June 2, 2010 Basic FRSAD Model WORK has as subject (is subject of) THEMA has appellation (is appellation of) NOMEN

55 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Thema Type ● Category to which the Thema belongs ● Defined within the knowledge organisation system ● No universal categorization scheme exists Scope note ● Text describing/defining the Thema

56 CLA June 2, 2010 Attributes: Nomen Type (eg. Identifier or Controlled name) Scheme (eg. LCSH, MeSH, DDC) Reference source Representation / Language / Script / Script conversion / Form Time validity Audience Status (eg. proposed, accepted, obsolete)

57 CLA June 2, 2010 Thema-Thema Relationships ● Hierarchical ● Genericbirds / parrots ● Whole-partblood vessels / cardiovascular ● Instance ofEdmonton / city ● NB: Polyhierarchy is possible ● Associative ● Cause / effectaccident / injury ● Action / productweaving / cloth ● Action / targetteaching / student

58 CLA June 2, 2010 Nomen-Nomen Relationships Equivalence (Nomens for the same Thema) ● Synonyms ● Quasi-synonyms ● Lexical variants ● Partial / inexact equivalence ● Other language (other scheme) equivalent Whole-part ● eg. a name-title access point is a Nomen made up of two other Nomens

59 CLA June 2, 2010 Relationship of FRSAD to FRBR and FRAD ● Thema a superclass of the FRBR entities ● Nomen a superclass of the FRAD entities Name, Identifier and Controlled access point ● Reinforces the distinction between the entity and its name ● FRSAD takes a broad view, focusing on the has as subject relationship

60 CLA June 2, 2010 FRBR Review Group projects ● FRBR + FRAD + FRSAD = a complete model of the bibliographic universe ● FRBRoo (ver. 1.0 January 2009) from harmonisation with CIDOC CRM (museums) ● Archives-Libraries-Museums harmonisation ● New WG started January 2010

61 CLA June 2, 2010 More Information ● On IFLANET: ● Join the FRBR discussion list: ● Read the FRBR blog:

62 CLA June 2, 2010 Thank you! Any questions? Pat Riva