Your Digestive and Excretory Systems In this lesson, you will Learn About… The parts and functions of the digestive system. How the excretory system works. Preventing problems of the digestive and excretory systems.

Bell Work Using evidence, explain how the nervous system works when a person taps you on the shoulder.

Standards 1 : The student will comprehend concepts related to health promotion to enhance health.

Indicators/ E.Q. Describe the functions of the digestive and excretory systems.

Relevance Why is it considered serious if you have problems with your digestive and excretory systems?

Your Digestive and Excretory Systems The Vocabulary terms in this lesson are: Digestion. Digestion Digestive system. Digestive system Saliva. Saliva Small intestine. Small intestine Liver. Liver Gallbladder. Gallbladder Pancreas. Pancreas Excretory system. Excretory system Kidneys. Kidneys Excretion. Excretion Colon. Colon

The Digestive System Food is the fuel you eat to give your body energy. Digestion is the changing of food you eat into substances the body can use. Your digestive system is an organ system that converts food to a form useful to the body. As food is digested, chemical energy in the food is unlocked. Moreover, the body uses some substances in foods to repair and make new cells.

The Digestive System Liver Pancreas Gallbladder Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Appendix Rectum Anus Teeth Tongue Esophagus

The Mouth and Teeth Digestion begins in the mouth. Your teeth cut and grind food into smaller pieces. At the same time, saliva moistens and softens food.saliva Before Swallowing Air passages from the nose and throat to the trachea, or windpipe, are open, allowing air into the lungs. During Swallowing Air passages are closed by two flaps of skin at the back of your throat. The uvula closes the airway to the nose. The epiglottis closes the opening to the trachea, or windpipe.

The Stomach and the Small Intestine When you swallow, food enters your esophagus, a muscular tube that pushes food down into the stomach. Glands in the walls of the stomach secrete gastric juices. These enzymes begin to chemically break down proteins. The small intestine absorbs the digested nutrients, which are used by the body for growth, energy, and repair.small intestine

The Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas The digestive system includes three important organs through which food does not pass: Liver Gallbladder Pancreas

The Excretory System Your excretory system is a system that removes wastes from the body—a process called excretion.excretion Your body produces wastes in the form of solids, liquids, and gas: Solid waste is composed of the parts of foods that could not be digested. Liquid and gaseous wastes are by-products of the activity of body cells.

Removing Liquid Wastes Kidneys are organs that filter water and dissolved wastes from the blood and help maintain proper levels of water and salts in the body. Ureters are narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Urine is stored in the saclike bladder until it is full. On a signal from the nervous system, urine is released into the urethra, a narrow tube that carries urine out of the body.

Removing Solid Wastes Remains of food that your body cannot digest pass into the colon, or large intestine. The lining of the colon absorbs most of the liquid from undigested material. The solids that are left are called feces. When the large intestine is full, nerves signal muscles in the walls of the colon to contract. This action pushes feces through the anus and out of the body.

Problems of the Digestive and Excretory Systems Most problems of the digestive system are related to eating habits and are usually temporary. Here are some common digestive problems: Indigestion Diarrhea Ulcers Cirrhosis Gallstones Kidney stones Appendicitis Hemorrhoids Colon cancer

Care of the Digestive and Excretory Systems Follow these guidelines to maintain the health of the digestive and excretory systems: Eat a variety of foods. Eat complete meals. Do not rush your meals. Chew food thoroughly. Drink plenty of water. Get regular dental checkups.

Excretion Reviewing Terms and Facts 1._________ is the process of removing wastes from the body

2.How does the liver aid digestion? Reviewing Terms and Facts The liver produces bile, a substance that aids in the digestion of fats.

Thinking Critically 3.Describe the path of a meal through the digestive system.

Vocabulary Review Digestion is the changing of food you eat into substances the body can use.

Vocabulary Review The digestive system is an organ system that converts food to a form useful to the body.

Vocabulary Review Saliva is fluid produced by the salivary glands.

Vocabulary Review The small intestine is a coiled, tubelike organ that is about 20 feet long.

Vocabulary Review The liver is a large gland that has many digestive functions.

Vocabulary Review The gallbladder is a small, saclike organ that stores bile.

Vocabulary Review The pancreas is an organ that produces enzymes that assist in digestion.

Vocabulary Review The excretory system is a system that removes wastes from the body.

Vocabulary Review Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body.

Vocabulary Review The colon is the large intestine.

Vocabulary Review Kidneys are organs that filter water and dissolved wastes from the blood and help maintain proper levels of water and salts in the body.