Prepared By:- Divyesh Shingala (130040119099) Hydraulic Ram Pump Prepared By:- Divyesh Shingala (130040119099)

Content:- History Introduction Characteristics of a Hydraulic Ram pump Components(Parts) Of The Ram Pump Working Of Ram Pump Hydraulic Ram Water-Lifting System Priming Of Ram Pump Limitation Of Pump References

History:- The hydraulic ram is a very old, and well- proven, technology for lifting water. In1772, Englishman John Whitehurst invented a manually-operated precursor of the hydraulic ram called the "pulsation engine." The first one he installed in 1775 raised water to a height of 16 ft. (4.9 m). The first self-acting ram pump was invented by the Frenchman Joseph Michel Montgolfier in 1796 for raising water in his paper mill. The sons of Montgolfier obtained an English patent for an improved version in 1816 but this was acquired, together with Whitehurst's design, in 1820 by Josiah Easton, a Somerset-born engineer who had just moved to London.

Introduction:- The basic principle behind ram pumps is to use a large amount of water falling a short distance to pump a small amount of water to a higher elevation. The hydraulic ram pump may be defined as a self-acting device that uses the energy of a large volume of water falling from a higher location (relative to the ram) and passing through it, to lift a small volume to a location significantly higher than the ram and the source of water. Typically, only 2% to 20% of the water flowing through a ram pump system will actually be delivered to the storage tank or trough. The remainder is overflow and directed back into the stream.

Parts of a Hydraulic Ram:- Air chamber Delivery pipe stub Impulse valve Delivery valve Air snifter Body Drive pipe stub Feet

Working :- From a source of water (i.e. spring or stream), the water is driven to the Hydram based downstream. The pump suddenly stops the flow causing a water hammer effect. It allows the water under pressure in the Hydram body to enter into a delivery pipe. The special feature of the Hydram is that the water hammer effect is caused by the water itself. The flowing water applies pressure on a valve that closes the pipe automatically. This is why the Hydram does not use any electricity or fuel.

Working :- However, as the water hammer effect is caused by the water, the water needs to go out: this is called the waste water. This is not really wasted because the Hydram cannot work without it. So, the Hydram will use only 20 to 40 percent of the water coming inside it (i.e. the feed water): this is the delivery water. A non-return valve at the beginning of the delivery pipe stops the water to go back into the pump body. After continuous water hammer effects, water is added in the delivery pipe with a great pressure. It allows the water to flow upward up to a storage tank. The pressure is transform into potential energy. The efficiency of RPS is between 50 to 80 percent depending on the quality of material, the design and the age of the components.

HYDRAULIC RAM WATER-LIFTING SYSTEM :- Service area/Storage facility (not shown) Source (river, stream, spring) Supply pipe Delivery pipe Drive tank Lift (Delivery head) Drive pipe Hydraulic Ram pump Fall (Drive head)

Some minimum guidelines to Install the Ram Pump:-

Characteristics of a Hydraulic Ram Pump:- there is no other external energy input (e.g. human, animal, fossil fuel, etc.) that makes the ram work other than the energy of water passing through the pump. (2) its operation will continue 24 hours a day, seven days a week so long as the required volume of water continues to flow through it. (3) water has to come from a location higher than the ram. (4) only a small portion of this water (around 25 % or less) is pumped up, the remainder passing out of the ram and must be drained to a lower location. (5) due to the ram’s small output per minute, there is a need for a storage device at the point of delivery to accumulate this output on a 24-hour basis, e.g. an earthen pond for irrigation , metal, or plastic tank for drinking water.

Priming Of Ram Pump:- Before running the Hydram, there is no water in the delivery pipe: above the delivery valve in the air vessel, there is only air. Figure (A): when starting the Hydram, the water flows not only through the impulse valve but also through the delivery valve. This is because the delivery valve stays open: there is not any pressure above the valve to close it. As a consequence, not enough water flows through the impulse valve to create a strong hammer effect. Without a strong hammer effect, the depression that allows the impulse valve to open is not possible. It is why priming is needed to help the impulse valve going down.

Priming Of Ram Pump:- Figure (B): After that the water in the delivery pipe reaches the same height as the header tank, the situation changes and the pump can work automatically. The pressure above the delivery valve is greater than below when the water is accelerating and flows only through the impulse valve. It creates a strong hammer effect that increases the pressure to open the delivery valve, let the water flow in the delivery pipe, and allows a depression. This depression makes the impulse valve open and the cycles of the Hydram can run automatically.

Limitations:- Plastic pumps are limited to very low delivery heads Output head (approx. equivalent to height) is usually 5-25 times the input head (approx. equivalent to fall) Pump efficiency Usually 50% to 60% May be as high as 80% May be less than 40% The amount of water delivered to the end use will depend on Source flow Height of supply reservoir above pump Height of delivery site above pump Length and size of delivery pipe and drive line Size of pump

References:- Home Made Hydraulic Ram Pumps Clemson University http://www.clemson.edu/irrig/Equip/ram.htm Hydraulic Ram Pumps: A Guide to Ram Pumps Water Supply Systems Jeffery, T D, Thomas T H, Smith A V, Glover, P B, Fountain P D. Practical Action Publications, 1992 A Manual on the Hydraulic Ram for Pumping Water - Watt S B Practical Action Publishing, 1975.

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