Pacific Theatre

Hitler’s New Order Final Solution – Holo (whole) caust (burned) – The first official concentration camp opened at Dachau 1933, Communists were first sent here Heinrich Himmler, head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and later chief of the German police.

Hitler’s New Order Hitler created gov’ts in Western Europe run by Aryans – Slavs of Eastern Europe were an inferior race, and should be pushed aside for the Aryans – Plundered and looted occupied nations Took their works of art, treasures and resources Shot hostages and tortured prisoners

Hitler’s New Order 1930s, Concentration Camps – Detention centers for enemies of the state Jews, Polish, Soviet Slavs and others were used in forced labor camps, poorly fed and worked to death “Racially inferior” Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Homosexuals and disabled Death Camps – Sick, elderly and young were killed immediately – Others were used for experiments

Hitler’s New Order Some did resist places like Treblinka and Auschwitz – Warsaw ghetto sent around 5,000 Jews to Treblinka/day – 1943, Jews revolted. Nazis soon regained control and killed all of the Jews

Japan Official reason for expansion: eliminate colonial rule in Asia from the West – Realistically, tortured and slaughtered conquered Asians – Seized food crops, destroyed towns and enslaved the people Rape of Nanking and other atrocities Rape of Nanking atrocities

USA Initially tried to remain isolationist President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) – Lend-Lease Act Allowed to lend or sell weapons to any country for USA’s defense Atlantic Charter – Churchill and FDR issued this to destroy Nazi tyranny and support any gov’t the people want

Japan General Tojo Hideki Dec. 7, 1941, “a date which will live in infamy” – Pearl Harbor , turning point in the war – Pacific Theatre Naval battles were fought in the air Aircraft carriers – Midway, Coral Sea

Gov’t Power To support the war – Factories made tanks/planes – Rationed how much food/goods people could buy – Sold war bonds People buy these (lend money) to the gov’t Internment Camps – Japanese Americans and Canadians were put into camps “Rosie the Riveter”

Pacific Theatre May 1942, Bataan Death March – Japanese conquered the Philippines and marched US and Filipino soldiers 65 miles Island Hopping – After Midway and Coral Sea, US “hopped” one island to the next toward Japan – Gen. MacArthur and Adm. Nimitz blockaded and pushed towards Japan

Fire Bombings of Dresden and Tokyo Dresden Cultural Center Phosphorous bombs – Ignited the city into flames Tokyo Tried to end the fighting before atomic weapons

The Bomb For Brightest minds fled Europe and came to work on the Manhattan Project Save lives from the island hopping – Japanese would fight to the death rather than surrender Finish the war before the Soviets got to Japan – Wouldn’t split Japan like Germany Against Thousands of Japanese killed instantly Thousands killed from radiation after detonation Could have used other weapons – Fire bombings Soviets had declared war on the Japanese

The Bomb FDR dies and Truman takes office in April 12, 1945 Orders atomic attack – August 6, 1945, first bomb on Hiroshima – August 8, 1945, Soviets declare war on Japan – August 9, 1945, second bomb dropped on Nagasaki – August 10, Emperor Hirohito ordered a surrender – September 2, peace treaty signed in Tokyo Bay on USS Missouri

After WWII People recognize the horrors of the Holocaust and Japanese violence – Why didn’t ordinary people stop these? – Nuremburg Trials United Nations – San Francisco – General Assembly and Security Council US, UK, Soviet Union, France and China

United Nations Security Council has the right to veto UN can send peace-keeping forces, create economic sanctions – More things are passed since fall of USSR World Health Organization Food and Agricultural Organizations Ban Ki-Moon

After WWII Cold War – US vs USSR – Italy and Japan were conquered by Brits and Americans, and the Soviets were not consulted about how they were occupied – Eastern Europe was conquered by the Soviets, so they shouldn’t’ have to consult the West Stalin wanted to spread communism and create protective border countries to prevent invasion

After WWII Truman Doctrine – Containment of communism Marshall Plan – Aid to the locked in areas of Berlin – Berlin airlift sent aid to the allied sections of West Berlin North Atlantic Treaty Organization vs the Warsaw Pact, 1949 – Eastern and western blocs, military protection