Cortical Plasticity Representational plasticity - induction - mechanisms Hyperacuity - intramodal effects - intermodal effects Clinical relevance Cross-modal.

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Presentation transcript:

Cortical Plasticity Representational plasticity - induction - mechanisms Hyperacuity - intramodal effects - intermodal effects Clinical relevance Cross-modal plasticity

Representational plasticity

Amputation, deafferentation

- after 2 years Effect of amputation on the cortical representation in SI

Deafferentation of the glabrous part of D1 and D2 by nerve transection dorsal, hairy silent Area 3b

Reorganization of the thalamic representation

Deafferentation of the cortical representation by thalamic lesion

Experience dependent plasticity Training and learning

Extensive multidigit stimulation

Reversibility and dynamics

Return of esthesia Effect of anesthesia on the size of the RF of an SI neuron

Effect of amputaion on the RF size in SI

Mechanisms

Convergence, divergence

Relationship of intrinsic cortical connections and peripheral innervation

Divergence in the major somatosensory pathway

A possible role for the thalamocortical circuitry in regulating cortical plasticity

Microstructure of the somatosensory RF

Unmasking A role for lateral inhibition

Effect of disruption of local inhibition on the RF size in SI

Forward masking increases lateral inhibition

Rapid unmasking by decreasing tonic inhibition

Synaptic plasticity LTP/LTD

Upper layer horizontal connections play pivotal role in representational plasticity

Hyperacuity

Intramodal effects Amputation, reversible inactivation

Sensitivity differences between fingers in normal cases

AMPUTATION Increased representation, better performance?

Reversible inactivation: callosal interactions Behavior

Reversible inactivation: callosal interactions Brain activation (EEG)

Map reorganization Clinical relevance

Phantom feelings, Phantom pain

Focal hand dystonia:Writer’s-, Musician’s Cramp

Aberrant, increased plasticity

Neuronal basis of map reorganization: unresolved issues

Cross-modal plasticity Blindness

Intermodal effects

Blindness induced somatosensory changes

Increased tactile sensitivity

Cross-modal effects

Axonal rerouting

Tactile functions of the visual cortex

Rewiring Subcortical pathways

Uni- and heteromodal connections Cortical pathways

Speech processing in the visual cortex

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