5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes1 DarkSide 10 kg Prototype at Princeton Distillation Column for Depleted Argon at Fermilab DarkSide 50 at Gran.

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5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes1 DarkSide 10 kg Prototype at Princeton Distillation Column for Depleted Argon at Fermilab DarkSide 50 at Gran Sasso

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes2 Two-phase Depleted Liquid Argon TPC: Features:Depleted Argon from CO2 Wells (Ar39 < 1/25 x Atmospheric Borated Scintillator for Neutron veto QUPID (Quartz Photon Intensifier Device) low radioactivity photo-detector China– Italy– Russia – USA Collaboration

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes3 S1 S2 LIQUID GAS PhotoDetectors Light free electrons Liquid Phase;WIMP interacts;Electrons driftinto gas region Gas Pocket above; Nucleus Recoils in liquid and arewhere they produce Electric Field in both.Argon produces extracted by secondary <1kV/cm (L), few kV/cm (G)light and freefield of few kV/cmfluorescence (S2), electronsproportional to number of e’s. Argon produces scintillation light and allows long (meters) free electron drift. Cathode Grid Anode

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes4 Rejection of e-m background/Identification of nuclear recoil based on: Ionization density in nuclear recoil > ionization density from electron Time distribution of S1 signal sensitive to ionization density – light from 2 states with different lifetimes Ratio of S1 to S2 measure of free electrons after interaction – again sensitive to ionization density S1 (only) is available in single-phase detectors S2 rejection expected to be ~100; S1 rejection ~10 8 depending on light yield

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes5 10 kg – no field version Test: PMTs, Reflectors, Cryogenics, Light Yield (S1), Gas Pocket formation, Acrylic at 90 K, transmission of ITO films (used as odes) 10 kg – full field version

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes6 Signal from electron Signal due to recoiling nucleus S1 S1 signal shapes for Electron event Nuclear recoil event Define f90 = Fraction of integral in first 90 ns 10 kg detector at Princeton

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes7 Signal from electron energy deposition (lots of free electrons - large S2/S1) 10 kg detector at Princeton Signal from recoil nucleus energy deposition (rather few free electrons – small S2/S1) S1 & S2 signals Electron event Nuclear recoil event Use log(S2/S1) as discriminant S1S2 S1S2

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes8 10 kg Prototype at Princeton electrons recoils Na22 Source (pure photons) Full data set: 2 events in signal region out of 46,000 Na22 events – off to Gran Sasso with prototype Americium-Beryllium Source (neutrons and photons) from B. Loer

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes9 Distillation Column at the PAB. Used to separate Argon from underground C02 wells from its accompanying Nitrogen and Helium. Atmospheric Argon has 1 part in of Ar39 formed by cosmic rays. Lifetime is 388 yrs; end point 536 keV. Depletion lower limit is 25. Column has been assembled and has had first operation. It achieved a concentration of 1000 in terms of Argon to Nitrogen ratio. We have a moderate list of improvements to increase throughput and improve monitoring of column temperatures.

W WW WW P PPPP W W PP W N Ar N N N N N N N N P N N N N N N N N Scan started on 20:50 on 3/25/2011 starting ratio Ar: N = 1:30 ending ratio Ar:N = 33:1 W P W P I T1 T2 >T1 T2 Ar N Batch Distillation to separate Argon and Nitrogen – Argon accumulates at bottom (P) Nitrogen escapes at top (W) 5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes10

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes11 DarkSide 50 at LNGS DS-50 with QUPIDsin Scintillator Vetoin Borexino Water Tank Mechanical Design in Process – start installation in summer x cm 2 in 3 year background-free run

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes12 Fermilab Involvements in DarkSide 50 (if Field Work Proposal granted): Design and construction of Argon system (cryogenics, purification) Data Acquisition Architecture Project Management

5/13/11 FCPA Mini-RetreatDarkSide - S.Pordes13 Americium – Beryllium Source Decay Scheme Na 22 Decay Scheme