ACID – BASE REACTIONS Chapter 25. When Acids and Bases Interact Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-) Acids are proton donors.

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Presentation transcript:

ACID – BASE REACTIONS Chapter 25

When Acids and Bases Interact Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-) Acids are proton donors (Their chemical formulas begin with H-) Bases are proton acceptors (Their chemical formulas end in –OH or -CO 3 ) Bases are proton acceptors (Their chemical formulas end in –OH or -CO 3 ) When acids and bases mix, they NEUTRALIZE each other! When acids and bases mix, they NEUTRALIZE each other!

Neutralization Reactions The H- in the acid bonds with the –OH in the base to make: The H- in the acid bonds with the –OH in the base to make: H 2 O (WATER!) The cation (metal) in the base bonds with anion in the acid and makes a salt! The cation (metal) in the base bonds with anion in the acid and makes a salt!

Neutralization Reactions For Example: For Example: NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl + H 2 O base acid salt water Ca(OH) HCl  CaCl 2 + H 2 O base acid salt water

When Acids and Bases Interact Acid –Base Neutralization Reactions ALWAYS forma SALT and WATER Acid –Base Neutralization Reactions ALWAYS forma SALT and WATER NaOH + HCl  H 2 O + NaCl

The Second Type of Base Another type of base is one formed from a metal and a carbonate polyatomic ion: Another type of base is one formed from a metal and a carbonate polyatomic ion: Ca +2 CO 3 -2  CaCO 3 Calcium and carbonate form a base!

Neutralization with carbonate bases: Carbonates will react with acids to form water, a salt, and also CARBON DIOXIDE gas! Carbonates will react with acids to form water, a salt, and also CARBON DIOXIDE gas! CaCO HCl  H 2 O + CaCl 2 + CO 2 Base acid water salt carbon dioxide Base acid water salt carbon dioxide

EXAMPLES: LiOH + HBr  H 2 O + LiBr CaCO 3 + H 2 SO 4  H 2 O + CaSO 4 + CO 2 H 2 O + CaSO 4 + CO 2 Ca(OH) HI  2 H 2 O + CaI 2 2 H 2 O + CaI 2

EXAMPLES: H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid H 3 PO 4 Phosphoric acid HNO 2 Nitrous acid HCl Hydrochloric acid