CP8308-visualization Fall 2015 Mina Mobini 500727060 Crime Visualization CP8308-visualization Fall 2015 Mina Mobini 500727060

Agenda Why Crime visualization Background 2D Crime Visualizing- Pin Map 3D Crime Visualising Crime mapping Crime network Hotspots For crime visualization I will talk about different techniques

How often? Crime Every One murder 34.5min One Forcible Rape 6 min Robbery 1.3 min Vehicle theft 39.7 sec Assault 39.1 sec Violent Crime 23.9 sec Burglary 14 sec Larceny 5 sec “Crime Clock - Crime in the United States 2009.” [Online]. Available: https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/about/crime_clock.html.

why If the central person is found, it become easier to look for other issue Solving crime faster will pay for itself Important attributes for each crime category Locate the crime pattern Predict crimes Finding patterns of terrorist attacks Finding the patterns of reported crimes

Efficient? A. Breuer, J. Hursey, T. Stroman, and A. Verma, “Visualization of Criminal Activity in an Urban Population,” Artif. Crime Anal. Syst. Using Comput. Simulations Geogr. Inf. Syst., p. 35, 2008.

London crime statistic sculpture the frequency & position of urban crimes

Pin map

Geo-spatial plot of crimes S. Nath, “Crime pattern detection using data mining,” Web Intell. Intell. Agent Technol. …, vol. 1, no. 954, p. 4, 2006.

Advantages Simplicity Familiarity Good feel for the density and distribution crime Good overall picture Disadvantages Can be crowded- less accuracy Not easy in reality Just two dimensional

Pseudo—Coloured Time-Window It presents and animates data within a two dimensional system “Animations of Crime Maps Using Virtual Reality Modeling Language.” Available: http://www.westerncriminology.org/documents/WCR/v01n2/Lodha/Lodha.html.

Advantages Useful in depicting the shifting of hot spots of crime as time advanced Useful for different types of crime in different regions Animation displays slow emergence of hot spots and their attributes Disadvantages Difficult to track when more than one centre need attention at the same time

Stacked Time-Aggregated Cumulative Bars It is a 3D version of pin map where all crime types of same kind have been aggregated over a given time. Animations of Crime Maps Using Virtual Reality Modeling Language.” http://www.westerncriminology.org/documents/WCR/v01n2/Lodha/Lodha.html

Advantages Find of the coincident of crimes happening together Comparing two different time zone Users have ability to fly through or walk though the map Disadvantages Information regarding the order of in which the crimes took place are lost

Hot Spots Areas of concentrated crime. Computerized crime mapping develops hot spots approach for policing Wildly used in analysing the spatial characteristic of crime

“Portland State Criminal Justice Policy Research Institute: Portland Crime Data | HotSpot - Past 5 Years.” [Online]. Available: http://www.pdx.edu/crime-data/hotspot-past-5-years-0.

Density Map: crimes in the street March 2013 O. Kounadi, K. Bowers, and M. Leitner, “Crime Mapping On-line: Public Perception of Privacy Issues,” Eur. J. Crim. Policy Res., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 167–190, 2014.

Answers the questions of “Why” and “Where” Disadvantages With a target crime being selected, finding hot spots helps crime prediction Crime opportunity Answers the questions of “Why” and “Where” Disadvantages Some other factors such as population should be considers for accuracy D. Wang, W. Ding, H. Lo, T. Stepinski, J. Salazar, and M. Morabito, “Crime hotspot mapping using the crime related factors—a spatial data mining approach,” Appl. Intell., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 772–781, 2012.

Crime Networks The highest priority in front of criminal network investigators The most central person Helps for decision making In the other side It is based on the research work Updating is hard

layout of crime network based on the criminals phone calls E. Ferrara, P. De Meo, S. Catanese, and G. Fiumara, “Visualizing criminal networks reconstructed from mobile phone records,” CEUR Workshop Proc., vol. 1210, 2014.

Bubble chart with D3 http://funcvis.org/visuals/crime/#by_state=4&crimes=%3Brobbery “Crime Explorer.” [Online]. Available: http://funcvis.org/visuals/crime/#by_state=4&crimes=%3Brobbery

Visualization software http://www.instantatlas.com/samples/usa/crime_sm_v1/atlas.html Instant atlas software Using chart Colors Trend Data ranked by state

3D models Crime Rates as Topographic Maps San Francisco prostitution in the city. “Topographical Crime Maps - Neatorama.” [Online]. Available: http://www.neatorama.com/2010/06/08/topographical-crime-maps

Crime scene visualization Help to measure distances Cold cases Training purposes

Thank you

References S. Nath, “Crime pattern detection using data mining,” Web Intell. Intell. Agent Technol. …, vol. 1, no. 954, p. 4, 2006. “Animations of Crime Maps Using Virtual Reality Modeling Language.” Available: http://www.westerncriminology.org/documents/WCR/v01n2/Lodha/Lodha.html “Portland State Criminal Justice Policy Research Institute: Portland Crime Data | HotSpot - Past 5 Years.” [Online]. Available: http://www.pdx.edu/crime-data/hotspot-past-5-years-0 D. Wang, W. Ding, H. Lo, T. Stepinski, J. Salazar, and M. Morabito, “Crime hotspot mapping using the crime related factors—a spatial data mining approach,” Appl. Intell., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 772–781, 2012. A. Breuer, J. Hursey, T. Stroman, and A. Verma, “Visualization of Criminal Activity in an Urban Population,” Artif. Crime Anal. Syst. Using Comput. Simulations Geogr. Inf. Syst., p. 35, 2008 “Crime Explorer.” [Online]. Available: http://funcvis.org/visuals/crime/#by_state=4&crimes=%3Brobbery E. Ferrara, P. De Meo, S. Catanese, and G. Fiumara, “Visualizing criminal networks reconstructed from mobile phone records,” CEUR Workshop Proc., vol. 1210, 2014