1 THE GENERIC 5 TYPES OF PROCESS CHOICE 1.Project 2.Job Shop 3.Batch 4.Line 5.Flow/Continuous Processing Note: Most businesses will select two or more processes as being appropriate for the products they manufacture, which reflects the different volume requirements of components, subassemblies, and products.

2 PROJECT 1.Project basis 2.Product: unique, complex product (i.e., civil engineering contracts, aerospace program, etc…) 3.Characteristic: a.Customer-specified requirement b.It is often too large to be moved or simply cannot be moved once completed. 4.Business will also be concerned with determining how much of the product to make away from site and how best to provide the parts or sections that the structures made on site. These will, in turn, often be produced using a different choice of process than project (i.e., CTRM- Aviation). Project A Saw Grind StoreWareho use Lathe Mill Assem bly Paint Drill

3 JOB SHOP 1.Jobbing, unit, or One-off Job shops are typically small manufacturing businesses that handle job production, and Job shops typically move on to different jobs (possibly with different customers) when each job is completed. Requires the supplier to interpret the customer’s design and specification and apply relatively high-level skills in the conversion process. By the nature of this type of manufacturing operation, job shops are usually specialized in skill and processes. To meet the one-off order requirements of customers or if a unique product or an individual service is required. A typical example would be a machine shop who makes specialized components for the aerospace industry. Such parts are made in relatively small quantities compared to components such as standard bolts or rivets. Other types of common job shops are grinding and fabrication shops. The opposite would be continuous flow manufactures such as textile, steel, and food manufacturing.

BATCH 1.Batch production is the manufacturing technique of creating a group of components at a workstation before moving the group to the next step in production. 2.Batch production is common in bakeries and in the manufacture of sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks, paints. 3.Provide similar items on a repeat basis, usually in large volumes – quantity (x) work content – than associate with jobbing. Store Process A Process B Process C Process D AssemblyPaintWarehouse

5 LINE 1.Investment is made to provide a process dedicated to the needs of a single product or small range of products. 2.Example: Electronic industry Saw Grind Weld StoreAssemblyWarehouse Lathe Mill Grind Mill Drill Lathe Drill Paint Drill

6 FLOW or CONTINUOUS PROCESSING Flow production involves a continuous movement of items through the production process. This means that when one task is finished the next task must start immediately. Therefore, the time taken on each task must be the same. Flow production (often known also as mass production) involves the use of production lines such as in a car manufacturer where doors, engines, bonnets and wheels are added to a chassis as it moves along the assembly line. It is appropriate when firms are looking to produce a high volume of similar items.